Interactive effects of salinity variation and exposure to ZnO nanoparticles on the innate immune system of a sentinel marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis.
Interactive effects of salinity variation and exposure to ZnO nanoparticles on the innate immune system of a sentinel marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136473
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发表时间：
2020-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fangli Wu;H. Falfushynska;O. Dellwig;H. Piontkivska;I. Sokolova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fangli Wu;H. Falfushynska;O. Dellwig;H. Piontkivska;I. Sokolova
氧化锌纳米颗粒 (nZnO) 通过多种来源释放到沿海环境中，但其对海洋生物的毒性尚不清楚。我们研究了盐度（正常 15、低 5、波动 5-15）和 nZnO（100 μg l−1）对来自波罗的海咸水区域的蓝贻贝先天免疫的相互作用影响。暴露于离子 Zn (100 μg l−1) 用于测试 nZnO 的毒性作用是否可归因于 Zn2+ 的潜在释放。研究人员对在不同盐度条件下暴露于 nZnO 或离子锌 21 天的贻贝的功能参数和关键免疫相关基因的表达进行了研究。 nZnO 暴露提高了血细胞死亡率，抑制粘附，刺激吞噬作用，并导致溶酶体体积明显增加。在盐度 15 时，nZnO 抑制 Toll 样受体 TLRb 和 c、C-凝集素以及补体系统成分 C3q 的 mRNA 表达，表明病原体识别能力受损。相比之下，在盐度为 15 的 nZnO 暴露期间，抗菌肽防御素的 mRNA 水平增加。在波动盐度 (5-15) 下，nZnO 暴露增加了血细胞中多种免疫相关基因的表达，包括补体系统成分 C1 和 C3q，以及 Toll 样受体 TLRa、b 和 c。低盐度(5)对M.的功能和分子免疫特性具有较强的免疫抑制作用。 edulis 掩盖了 nZnO 的效果。对 nZnO 免疫反应的盐度依赖性调节不能归因于 nZnO 聚集或溶解度的差异，并且可能反映了纳米颗粒的毒性作用和渗透应激的生理效应的相互作用。这些发现对纳米材料的环境风险评估和沿海污染监测的特定背景生物标志物基线的开发具有影响。
ZnO nanoparticles (nZnO) are released into the coastal environment from multiple sources, yet their toxicity to marine organisms is not well understood. We investigated the interactive effects of salinity (normal 15, low 5, and fluctuating 5–15) and nZnO (100 μg l−1) on innate immunity of the blue musselsMytilus edulisfrom a brackish area of the Baltic Sea. Exposure to ionic Zn (100 μg l−1) was used to test whether the toxic effects of nZnO can be attributed to the potential release of Zn2+. Functional parameters and the expression of key immune-related genes were investigated in the mussels exposed to nZnO or ionic Zn under different salinity regimes for 21 days. nZnO exposures elevated hemocyte mortality, suppressed adhesion, stimulated phagocytosis, and led to an apparent increase in lysosomal volume. At salinity 15, nZnO suppressed the mRNA expression of the Toll-like receptors TLRb and c, C-lectin, and the complement system component C3q indicating impaired ability for pathogen recognition. In contrast, the mRNA levels of an antimicrobial peptide defensin increased during nZnO exposure at salinity 15. At fluctuating salinity (5–15), nZnO exposure increased expression of multiple immune-related genes in hemocytes including the complement system components C1 and C3q, and the Toll-like receptors TLRa, b and c. Low salinity (5) had strong immunosuppressive effects on the functional and molecular immune traits ofM. edulisthat overshadowed the effects of nZnO. The salinity-dependent modulation of immune response to nZnO cannot be attributed to the differences in the aggregation or solubility of nZnO, and likely reflects the interaction of the toxic effects of nanoparticles and physiological effects of the osmotic stress. These findings have implications for the environmental risk assessment of nanomaterials and the development of the context-specific biomarker baselines for coastal pollution monitoring.