EVOLUTION OF SENESCENCE - LATE SURVIVAL SACRIFICED FOR REPRODUCTION
EVOLUTION OF SENESCENCE - LATE SURVIVAL SACRIFICED FOR REPRODUCTION
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1991.0028
复制
发表时间：
1991-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
ROSE, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KIRKWOOD, TBL;ROSE, MR
就衰老与生育率下降和死亡率上升有关而言，衰老直接不利于生殖成功。因此，自然选择的作用方向应该是延缓或消除生活史中的衰老。衰老的普遍发生是通过观察来解释的：（1）自然选择的力量在晚期通常比在早期弱，（2）获得更长的寿命通常需要付出一定的代价。两个趋同理论是基于群体遗传学的“拮抗多效性”理论和基于生理生态学的“一次性索马”理论。拮抗多效性理论提出，某些等位基因由于早期有益的影响而受到青睐，但后来也会产生有害的影响。一次性索马理论认为，由于生殖的竞争性需求，维持体细胞组织所需的努力要少于无限期生存所需的努力。
In so far as it is associated with declining fertility and increasing mortality, senescence is directly detrimental to reproductive success. Natural selection should therefore act in the direction of postponing or eliminating senescence from the life history. The widespread occurrence of senescence is explained by observing that (i) the force of natural selection is generally weaker at late ages than at early ages, and (ii) the acquisition of greater longevity usually involves some cost. Two convergent theories are the 'antagonistic pleiotropy' theory, based in population genetics, and the 'disposable soma' theory, based in physiological ecology. The antagonistic pleiotropy theory proposes that certain alleles that are favoured because of beneficial early effects also have deleterious later effects. The disposable soma theory suggests that because of the competing demands of reproduction less effort is invested in the maintenance of somatic tissues than is necessary for indefinite survival.