From the Selectedworks of Marcel Adam Just Neural Basis of Dyslexia: a Comparison between Dyslexic and Non-dyslexic Children Equated for Reading Ability Neural Basis of Dyslexia: a Comparison between Dyslexic and Nondyslexic Children Equated for Reading Ability
From the Selectedworks of Marcel Adam Just Neural Basis of Dyslexia: a Comparison between Dyslexic and Non-dyslexic Children Equated for Reading Ability Neural Basis of Dyslexia: a Comparison between Dyslexic and Nondyslexic Children Equated for Reading Ability
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F. Hoeft;Arvel Hernandez;Glenn McMillon;J. Martindale;Heather Taylor-Hill;Ann Meyler;T. Keller;W. Siok;G. Deutsch;M. Just;S. Whitfield-Gabrieli;J. Gabrieli
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F. Hoeft;Arvel Hernandez;Glenn McMillon;J. Martindale;Heather Taylor-Hill;Ann Meyler;T. Keller;W. Siok;G. Deutsch;M. Just;S. Whitfield-Gabrieli;J. Gabrieli
发育性阅读障碍的成人和儿童在语音处理的功能神经成像研究中表现出顶颞部激活减少。这些研究使用了年龄匹配和/或智商匹配的对照组，他们的阅读能力和扫描任务表现往往优于阅读困难组。因此，目前尚不清楚，激活的差异是否只是反映了扫描仪表现较差，阅读能力的潜在水平，还是与阅读困难的更具体的神经相关。为了解决这种不确定性，我们进行了一项带有押韵判断任务的功能性磁共振成像研究，在研究中，我们将阅读困难儿童与两个对照组进行了比较：年龄匹配的儿童和阅读匹配的儿童(年龄较小的正常读者在阅读能力或扫描能力方面与阅读困难儿童等同)。与年龄匹配和阅读匹配的儿童相比，阅读障碍儿童在左侧顶叶颞叶皮质和其他五个区域，包括右侧顶叶颞叶皮质的激活程度都有所降低。在扫描过程中，与任务表现相同的儿童相比，阅读障碍儿童的双侧顶颞叶皮质的激活程度也有所降低。与各自选择的年龄匹配或阅读匹配的对照组儿童相比，10名阅读障碍儿童中有9名表现出左侧顶叶-颞叶激活减少。此外，阅读正常的五年级学生比阅读正常的三年级学生在相同的双侧顶颞区表现出更多的激活。这些发现表明，阅读障碍儿童的激活差异不能用当前的阅读水平或扫描仪任务表现来解释，而是代表了支持阅读学习的神经系统的明显发展非典型性。
Adults and children with developmental dyslexia exhibit reduced parietotemporal activation in functional neuroimaging studies of phonological processing. These studies used age-matched and/or intelligence quotient-matched control groups whose reading ability and scanner task performance were often superior to that of the dyslexic group. It is unknown, therefore, whether differences in activation reflect simply poorer performance in the scanner, the underlying level of reading ability, or more specific neural correlates of dyslexia. To resolve this uncertainty, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, with a rhyme judgment task, in which we compared dyslexic children with two control groups: age-matched children and reading-matched children (younger normal readers equated for reading ability or scanner-performance to the dyslexic children). Dyslexic children exhibited reduced activation relative to both age-matched and reading-matched children in the left parietotemporal cortex and five other regions, including the right parieto-temporal cortex. The dyslexic children also exhibited reduced activation bilaterally in the parietotemporal cortex when compared with children equated for task performance during scanning. Nine of the 10 dyslexic children exhibited reduced left parietotemporal activation compared with their individually selected age-matched or reading-matched control children. Additionally, normal reading fifth graders showed more activation in the same bilateral parietotemporal regions than normal-reading third graders. These findings indicate that the activation differences seen in the dyslexic children cannot be accounted for by either current reading level or scanner task performance, but instead represent a distinct developmental atypicality in the neural systems that support learning to read.