Observations on the Normal Anatomy of the Bronchial Arteries
Observations on the Normal Anatomy of the Bronchial Arteries
复制标题
支气管动脉正常解剖结构的观察
作者：
L. Cudkowicz;J. Armstrong
几个世纪以来，人们就知道肺部全身动脉的存在。 Ruysch（1732）声称是第一个描述支气管动脉的人，但盖伦在公元二世纪就已经这样做了。在十九世纪，人们详细研究了支气管动脉的解剖结构并考虑了它们可能的功能。 Reisseisen 和 von Soemmering (1808) 将支气管动脉定义为肺部的“营养血管”，并表明它们与支气管相伴。 Le Fort (1858) 表明，支气管动脉沿着支气管树继续延伸至呼吸性细支气管。 Von Luschka (1863) 提请注意支气管小动脉在支气管粘膜中的分支，并提出支气管小动脉的毛细血管在肺泡管附近与源自肺动脉的毛细血管相通。 Virchow (1856) 表明，肺叶肺动脉分支的闭塞不会导致肺叶坏死。因此他得出结论，肺叶的活力并不依赖于肺动脉，而是由支气管动脉维持。 Rindfleisch (1878) 认为支气管动脉是末端动脉。 Kuttner (1878)通过向兔子肺部注射染料，表明肺动脉的终末分支没有与类似口径的血管连通，并得出结论，肺动脉床和支气管动脉之间的连通（如果存在的话）一定只是毛细血管。 Zuckerkandl（1881和1883）证明支气管动脉为人类的脏层胸膜供血，并认为肺动脉和支气管动脉的毛细血管是相通的。 Miller (1947) 在本世纪初描述了支气管动脉的走向。他展示了它们从主动脉延伸到主支气管，并沿着这些远端延伸到肺门。在那里，它们分开并在支气管壁中继续延伸至肺泡管。从形成动脉丛的纤维外衣开始，小分支穿过肌层到达支气管固有膜，然后继续沿支气管长轴走行。米勒认为以前的工作人员没有充分研究两个循环之间的吻合问题，并认为使用
The existence of systemic arteries to the lungs has been known for many centuries. Ruysch (1732) claimed to be the first to have described the bronchial arteries, but Galen had already done so in the second century A.D. During the nineteenth century the anatomy of the bronchial arteries was studied in detail and their possible function considered. Reisseisen and von Soemmering (1808) defined the bronchial arteries as " vasa nutritiva " of the lungs, and showed that they accompanied the bronchi. Le Fort (1858) showed that the bronchial arteries continue along the bronchial tree as far as the respiratory bronchioli. Von Luschka (1863) drew attention to the ramification of the bronchial arterioles in the bronchial mucosa and suggested that the capillaries of the bronchial arterioles communicated near the alveolar ducts with those derived from the pulmonary arteries. Virchow (1856) showed that occlusion of a lobar pulmonary artery branch did not result in necrosis of the lobe. He concluded therefore that the viability of the lobe,did not depend on the pulmonary artery, but was maintained by the bronchial arteries. Rindfleisch (1878) considered the bronchial arteries to be end arteries. Kuttner (1878), by dye injections in rabbit lungs, showed that the terminal branches of the pulmonary arteries were nowhere in communication with vessels of a similar calibre, and concluded that communication between the pulmonary artery bed and the bronchial arteries, if it existed, must be capillary only. Zuckerkandl (1881 and 1883) demonstrated that the bronchial arteries supplied the visceral pleura in man, and thought that the capillaries of the pulmonary and bronchial arteries were in communication. Miller (1947), at the beginning of this century, described the course of the bronchial arteries. He showed that they ran from the aorta to the main bronchi and followed these distally to the hila. There they divided and continued in the walls of the bronchi as far as the alveolar ducts. From the fibrous tunic, in which an arterial plexus was formed, small branches penetrated the muscle layer to reach the tunica propria of the bronchus and then continued to run in the long axis of the bronchus. Miller did not think that the problem of anastomosis between the two circulations had been adequately studied by previous workers, and contended that the use of a