Patterns and drivers of intraspecific variation in avian life history along elevational gradients: a meta-analysis
Patterns and drivers of intraspecific variation in avian life history along elevational gradients: a meta-analysis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/brv.12180
复制
发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Martin, Kathy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyle, W. Alice;Sandercock, Brett K.;Martin, Kathy
海拔梯度提供了强有力的自然系统，用于测试关于环境变化在生活史策略进化中的作用的假设。案例研究表明，生活在高海拔地区的生物体的生活史向缓慢的转变，但没有综合分析存在的主要脊椎动物分支的生活史特征的海拔变化。我们研究了（i）生活史特征如何随着海拔的升高而变化，以及（ii）哪些生物和非生物因素驱动生活史的海拔变化。使用三种分析方法，我们发现，繁殖力下降，在较高的海拔，由于较小的离合器和每年较少的生殖尝试。相比之下，海拔差异与父母的投资或生存的特征不同的研究。高海拔种群的繁殖季节较短，较晚，但较长的发育期，这意味着时间的限制，有助于减少繁殖力。窝卵数的数据，性状，我们有最大数量的人口比较的分析表明，没有证据表明，系统发育史限制物种水平的可塑性与海拔梯度相关的性状变异。生活史特征的海拔变化幅度在很大程度上与地理（海拔，纬度），内在（体重，迁移状态）或栖息地协变量无关。元人口结构，与估计生存，或过程塑造范围边界的方法问题可能会解释海拔变化的性质在这个数据集中明显的生活史特征。我们确定了一个新的风险因素，山区人口在不断变化的气候：低生育力将导致较低的生殖潜力，从扰动中恢复，特别是因为不到一半的物种经历了较高的生存在较高的海拔。
Elevational gradients provide powerful natural systems for testing hypotheses regarding the role of environmental variation in the evolution of life-history strategies. Case studies have revealed shifts towards slower life histories in organisms living at high elevations yet no synthetic analyses exist of elevational variation in life-history traits for major vertebrate clades. We examined (i) how life-history traits change with elevation in paired populations of bird species worldwide, and (ii) which biotic and abiotic factors drive elevational shifts in life history. Using three analytical methods, we found that fecundity declined at higher elevations due to smaller clutches and fewer reproductive attempts per year. By contrast, elevational differences in traits associated with parental investment or survival varied among studies. High-elevation populations had shorter and later breeding seasons, but longer developmental periods implying that temporal constraints contribute to reduced fecundity. Analyses of clutch size data, the trait for which we had the largest number of population comparisons, indicated no evidence that phylogenetic history constrained species-level plasticity in trait variation associated with elevational gradients. The magnitude of elevational shifts in life-history traits were largely unrelated to geographic (altitude, latitude), intrinsic (body mass, migratory status), or habitat covariates. Meta-population structure, methodological issues associated with estimating survival, or processes shaping range boundaries could potentially explain the nature of elevational shifts in life-history traits evident in this data set. We identify a new risk factor for montane populations in changing climates: low fecundity will result in lower reproductive potential to recover from perturbations, especially as fewer than half of the species experienced higher survival at higher elevations.