Interspecific differences in root architecture among maize and triticale genotypes grown under drought, waterlogging and soil compaction
Interspecific differences in root architecture among maize and triticale genotypes grown under drought, waterlogging and soil compaction
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DOI：
10.1007/s11738-014-1691-9
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Grzesiak, Stanisaw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grzesiak, Maciej T.;Ostrowska, Agnieszka;Grzesiak, Stanisaw
环境压力（土壤压实、干旱、洪涝）导致植物根系结构发生变化，也影响地上部分的生长。本研究的目的是估计玉米和小黑麦基因型之间的根系穿透石油蜡层（RPA）能力的表型变异。此外，在低或高土壤紧实度水平下生长的敏感和抗性玉米和小黑麦基因型，土壤水分不足或过量对地上部和根系干物质和根系结构的形态变化的影响进行了评估。为了估计RPA指数，使用矿脂蜡层法（PWL）。三种矿脂-蜡浓度60%、50%和40%的强度分别为0.52、1.07和1.58MPa。在0.52和1.07 MPa下观察到较高的变异系数（CV），玉米分别为19.2%和21.7%，小黑麦分别为12.5%和18.3%。结果表明，PWL技术是一种有效的筛选方法，并可将基因型分为抗性和敏感两大类。本研究的第二部分研究了土壤压实与干旱或渍水相结合的多重胁迫效应对不同环境胁迫敏感性的玉米和小黑麦基因型的根系和地上部生长以及根系结构的形态变化。幼苗在根箱中在低（LSC 1.1 g cm（-3））或严重（SSC 1.6 g cm（-3））土壤压实条件下生长4周。从第14天到第28天，干旱或淹水胁迫持续2周。与LSC处理相比，在SSC处理中，对于玉米和小黑麦的敏感基因型（Ancora，CHD-147），茎和根的干物质的减少更大。土壤干旱或渍水导致SSC中幼苗地上部和根系干物质的减少幅度大于LSC。根穿透指数（RPI）是指15 - 40 cm根箱层中的根干物质与总根干物质的比值。在RPI的基础上，有可能根据它们在土壤剖面中的根系分布能力对基因型进行分组。与LSC相比，SSC对种子根和种子不定根的长度以及种子根和节根上发育的L-和S-型侧根的数量和长度产生了强烈的影响。在这两个物种的限制作用的数量和长度的根的土壤压实是更严重的敏感（Ankora，CHD-147）比抗性（蒂娜，CHD-247）基因型。小黑麦根系繁殖受到的限制大于玉米。在LSC和SSC处理中生长的基因型的情况下，暴露于干旱或洪涝导致根系结构的特定组分的数量和长度减少。在这两个物种中，根的数量和长度的下降，在植物生长在淹水下大于干旱。在根系中观察到的变化更大的敏感（Ankora，CHD-147）比抗性（Tina，CHD-247）基因型。RPA和RPI之间以及这些指标与土壤紧实度、旱涝敏感性指标之间均存在显著相关性。这表明，抗土壤紧实的基因型是抗旱或耐涝的，抗旱的基因型也是耐涝的。
Environmental stresses (soil compaction, drought, waterlogging) cause changes in plants' root system structure, also affecting the growth of above-ground parts. The aim of this study was to estimate phenotypic variation among maize and triticale genotypes in root penetration ability through petrolatum-wax-layer (RPA). Also, the effect of shortage or excess of soil water on dry matter of shoots and roots and morphological changes in root system structure in sensitive and resistant maize and triticale genotypes grown in low or high soil compaction level was evaluated. To estimate RPA index, the petrolatum-wax-layer method (PWL) was used. The strength of three petrolatum-wax concentrations 60, 50 and 40 % was 0.52, 1.07 and 1.58 MPa, respectively. High coefficients of variation (CV) were observed in 0.52 and 1.07 MPa and for maize were 19.2 and 21.7 %, and for triticale, 12.5 and 18.3 %, respectively. The data indicate that the use of PWL technique is an effective screening method, and makes it possible to divide the genotypes into resistant and sensitive groups. The second part of this study investigated a multistress effect of soil compaction combined with drought or waterlogging on root and shoot growth and morphological changes in root system structure of maize and triticale genotypes differing in susceptibility to environmental stresses. Seedlings were grown for 4 weeks in root-boxes under conditions of low (LSC 1.1 g cm(-3)) or severe (SSC 1.6 g cm(-3)) soil compaction. Drought or waterlogging stresses were applied for 2 weeks from 14th to 28th day. In comparison to LSC treatment, in SSC treatment the decrease in dry matter of shoots and roots was greater for sensitive genotypes of maize and triticale (Ancora, CHD-147). Soil drought or waterlogging caused greater decrease of dry matter of shoots and roots in seedlings grown in SSC in comparison to LSC. The root penetration index (RPI) was estimated as a ratio of root dry matter in 15-40 cm root-box layer to total root dry matter. On the basis of RPI it was possible to group the genotypes according to their ability to distribute roots in soil profile. In comparison to LSC, SSC exerted a strong influence on the length of seminal and seminal adventitious roots, as well as the number and length of L- and S-type lateral roots developed on seminal and nodal roots. In both species the restriction effect of soil compaction on number and length of roots was more severe in sensitive (Ankora, CHD-147) than in resistant (Tina, CHD-247) genotypes. The restriction in roots propagation was greater in triticale than in maize. Exposure to drought or waterlogging in the case of genotypes grown in LSC and SSC treatments caused a decrease in number and length of particular components of root system structure. In both species the decrease of root number and length in plants grown under waterlogging was greater than under drought. The observed changes in root system were greater in sensitive (Ankora, CHD147) than in resistant (Tina, CHD-247) genotypes. Statistically significant correlations were found between RPA and RPI and also between these indexes and soil compaction, drought and waterlogging susceptibility indexes. This indicates that genotypes resistant to soil compaction were resistant to drought or waterlogging and also that genotypes resistant to drought were resistant to waterlogging.