Trends in tropical forest loss and the social value of emission reductions

Trends in tropical forest loss and the social value of emission reductions
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热带森林损失趋势和减排的社会价值

DOI:
10.1038/s41893-023-01175-9
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
27.6
通讯作者:
Knoke T
Knoke T
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Knoke T

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减少全球森林损失对于减缓气候变化及其相关社会成本至关重要。多种市场和非市场因素可增加或减少森林损失。在这里,为了理解非市场因素(例如,政策,气候异常或冲突)的作用,我们可以将观察到的趋势与排除非市场因素的参考(预期)情景进行比较。我们定义了一个预期的情况下,通过模拟土地使用的决定完全由市场价格,生产力和可能合理的决策。土地使用分配模式考虑到经济利润和不确定性作为森林转换的激励因素。我们将巴西、刚果民主共和国和印度尼西亚(2000-2019年)的参考森林损失与观察到的森林损失进行比较,并分配来自非市场因素的差异。我们的研究结果表明,非市场因素暂时导致低于预期的森林损失总计1110万公顷,但也有高于预期的森林损失1130万公顷的阶段。森林损失低于预期的阶段比森林损失高于预期的阶段出现得更早。通过推迟排放而避免的损失代表了616亿美元的社会价值(截至2000年)。这一结果显示了热带地区森林保护工作的经济重要性,即使减少森林损失可能是暂时的,并随着时间的推移而逆转。
Reducing global forest losses is essential to mitigate climate change and its associated social costs. Multiple market and non-market factors can enhance or reduce forest loss. Here, to understand the role of non-market factors (for example, policies, climate anomalies or conflicts), we can compare observed trends to a reference (expected) scenario that excludes non-market factors. We define an expected scenario by simulating land-use decisions solely driven by market prices, productivities and presumably plausible decision-making. The land-use allocation model considers economic profits and uncertainties as incentives for forest conversion. We compare reference forest losses in Brazil, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Indonesia (2000–2019) with observed forest losses and assign differences from non-market factors. Our results suggest that non-market factors temporarily lead to lower-than-expected forest losses summing to 11.1 million hectares, but also to phases with higher-than-expected forest losses of 11.3 million hectares. Phases with lower-than-expected forest losses occurred earlier than those with higher-than-expected forest losses. The damages avoided by delaying emissions that would otherwise have occurred represent a social value of US$61.6 billion (as of the year 2000). This result shows the economic importance of forest conservation efforts in the tropics, even if reduced forest loss might be temporary and reverse over time.
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