Descriptive Grammar
Descriptive Grammar
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描述性语法
DOI：
10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0248
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Willem J. de Reuse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Willem J. de Reuse
出于空间的目的，本书目排除了只关注描述性音系学的作品，尽管严格来说，与语音学不同，描述性音系学是语言语法的一部分。另见文章“形态学”，因为美国的语言学家传统主要关注形态学问题，以及“濒危语言”和“语言文献”，因为当今对描述性语法的兴趣大多与濒危语言的文献和描述有关。关于“描述性语法”，有反复出现的术语问题。对于那些对语言学不太感兴趣的语言教师来说，“描述性语法”这个术语与“规定性语法”是相对的。描述性语法只是描述实际的语法事实，而规定性语法告诉学习者应该使用哪些语法结构;换句话说，它提出了一些价值判断（见“语言规定主义”一文）。非语言教师的语言学家可能更喜欢“参考语法”而不是“规定语法”，因为参考语法往往是描述性的，尽管有时会有规定性的建议。其他比“规定性语法”更受欢迎的术语是“教学语法”或“教学语法”，这两个术语都是为了给语言水平较低的语言学习者提供较不全面的帮助。与语言学更相关的是“描述性”、“形式”和“功能”语法之间的对立，以及最近的“描述性语言学”和“文献语言学”之间的对立，这两种语言都很重要，值得在本书目中单独列出。
For purposes of space, this bibliography excludes works focusing only on descriptive phonology, although, strictly speaking, unlike phonetics, descriptive phonology is part of the grammar of a language. See also the article “Morphology,” since much of the American descriptivist tradition focused on morphological problems, as well as “Endangered Languages,” and “Language Documentation,” since much of the present-day interest in descriptive grammar has to do with the documentation and description of endangered languages. There are recurring terminological issues regarding “descriptive grammar.” For language teachers who are less interested in linguistics, the term “descriptive grammar” is contrasted with “prescriptive grammar.” A descriptive grammar simply describes the actual grammatical facts, whereas a prescriptive grammar tells the learner which grammatical constructions should be used; in other words, it suggests some value judgments (see the article “Linguistic Prescriptivism.” Linguists who are not language teachers might prefer the term “reference grammar” over “prescriptive grammar,” since reference grammars tend to be descriptive, albeit sometimes with prescriptive advice. Other terms preferred over “prescriptive grammar” are “pedagogical grammar” or “teaching grammar,” both of which are intended as less comprehensive aids to the less linguistically sophisticated language learner. More relevant to linguistics are the oppositions between “descriptive,” “formal,” and “functional” grammars, and, more recently, between “descriptive linguistics” and “documentary linguistics,” both of which are important enough to warrant their own sections in this bibliography.