The Interface of Phonology and Syntax: The emergence of the article in the early acquisition of Spanish and German
The Interface of Phonology and Syntax: The emergence of the article in the early acquisition of Spanish and German
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音韵与句法的界面：西班牙语和德语早期习得中冠词的出现
DOI：
10.1075/lald.24.03lle
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
C. Lleó
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Lleó
有研究表明（参见Lleó 1997和1998），西班牙儿童开始发展原型冠词大约在1：4，比德国儿童早几个月，德国儿童的第一个冠词在第二年年底出现，大约在1：10。本文根据三名西班牙儿童和四名德国儿童的实验数据，研究了1; 5和2; 3两种不同的发展过程。西班牙语儿童开始在一个词的阶段产生原型文章，而德国儿童在较长的话语中产生大部分早期文章。为了解释这两种不同的发展趋势，我们对两种语言的文章韵律结构进行了比较。在德语中，冠词可以有简化和非简化形式。如果未减少，他们构成一个韵律词对自己的，如果减少，他们是生产作为clitics与主机向左，即作为enclitics。在西班牙语中，定冠词被证明是前序的，韵律上附着在后面的名词上（Harris 1989）。我们还将进一步论证，不定冠词通常也会读作其右边名词的proclitics。通过优选论分析可以发现两种目的语文章的不同韵律特征。这就产生了目标语言中相关约束的不同排序，从而导致两个语言群体的儿童语法中不同的约束排序，从而为不同的习得现象提供了解释。这里的数据表明，儿童是特别敏感的韵律单位的目标语言，他们的早期语法主要是建立在这样的韵律单位。
It has been shown (see Lleó 1997 and 1998) that Spanish children begin to develop proto-articles at about 1; 4, a few months earlier than German children, whose first articles make their appearance towards the end of the second year, at about 1; 10. In this paper, the two different courses of development between 1; 5 and 2; 3 are studied on the basis of the data of three Spanish and four German children. Whereas Spanish children begin to produce proto-articles at the oneword stage, German children produce most of their early articles within longer utterances. In search of an explanation for the two different developments, the prosodic structures of the articles in the respective target languages are compared. In German, articles may have a reduced and an unreduced form. If unreduced, they constitute a prosodic word on their own, and if reduced, they are produced as clitics with the host to the left, ie as enclitics. In Spanish it has been shown that definite articles are proclitic, prosodically attached to the following noun (Harris 1989). It will further be argued that indefinite articles, too, are generally pronounced as proclitics to the noun to their right. The different prosodic characteristics of the articles in the two target languages can be captured by an OT analysis. This yields different rankings of the relevant constraints in the target languages, resulting in different constraint ranking in the child grammars of the two language groups, thereby providing an explanation for the different acquisition phenomena. The data presented here show that children are especially sensitive to the prosodic units of the target language and that their early grammars are primarily built upon such prosodic units.