Botulism
Botulism
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DOI：
10.1086/444507
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发表时间：
2005-10-15
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Sobel, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sobel, J
肉毒杆菌中毒是一种罕见的疾病，有4种自然发生的综合征：食源性肉毒杆菌中毒是由摄入肉毒杆菌毒素污染的食物引起的，伤口肉毒杆菌中毒是由伤口肉毒梭菌定植和原位毒素产生引起的，婴儿肉毒杆菌中毒是由肠道定植和毒素产生引起的，成人肠毒血症肉毒杆菌中毒是成人肠道定植和毒素产生的一种更罕见的形式。吸入性肉毒杆菌中毒可由肉毒杆菌毒素的雾化引起，而医源性肉毒杆菌中毒可由注射毒素引起。所有形式的肉毒杆菌中毒都会产生相同的独特临床症状，即对称性颅神经麻痹，随后是下行性、对称性随意肌弛缓性麻痹，可能会发展为呼吸衰竭和死亡。治疗的主要内容是细致的重症监护（包括必要时的机械通气）和及时的抗毒素治疗。
Botulism is a rare disease with 4 naturally occurring syndromes: foodborne botulism is caused by ingestion of foods contaminated with botulinum toxin, wound botulism is caused by Clostridium botulinum colonization of a wound and in situ toxin production, infant botulism is caused by intestinal colonization and toxin production, and adult intestinal toxemia botulism is an even rarer form of intestinal colonization and toxin production in adults. Inhalational botulism could result from aerosolization of botulinum toxin, and iatrogenic botulism can result from injection of toxin. All forms of botulism produce the same distinct clinical syndrome of symmetrical cranial nerve palsies followed by descending, symmetric flaccid paralysis of voluntary muscles, which may progress to respiratory compromise and death. The mainstays of therapy are meticulous intensive care (including mechanical ventilation, when necessary) and timely treatment with antitoxin.