Public anxiety after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: fluctuations in hazard perception after catastrophe
Public anxiety after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake: fluctuations in hazard perception after catastrophe
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DOI：
10.1080/13669877.2013.875936
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发表时间：
2015-02-07
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Oki, Satoko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakayachi, Kazuya;Yokoyama, Hiromi M.;Oki, Satoko
2011年，日本遭受了东北地震和随后发生的福岛第一核电站（以下简称福岛核电站）灾难的巨大打击，造成1.8万人死亡或失踪，超过33万人长期撤离。日本人民对地震和核事故的焦虑比以往任何时候都高，但他们也面临着其他危险。这项研究调查了自东北地震以来，日本人对各种其他危险的焦虑是增加还是减少。基于可得性启发式、对比效应和有限忧虑池假设，预测公众对地震和核事故的焦虑会增加，而对其他灾害的焦虑会减少。2008年1月和2012年1月进行的两次全国性调查的数据进行了比较，以了解社会对51种危险的焦虑程度的变化。结果表明，除了地震和核事故外，东北地震后人们对一种危险的焦虑有所增加。对于其他29种危险，焦虑水平显著降低；对于剩下的19种危险，没有明显的变化。这些结果支持了预测，表明灾后，日本人的整体焦虑水平趋于下降。讨论了实际意义，重点讨论了焦虑水平变化可能引起的问题。
In 2011, Japan received a massive blow from the Tohoku Earthquake and the ensuing disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Generation Plant (hereafter, the Fukushima Nuclear Plant), with 18,000 people dead or missing, and more than 330,000 evacuated long-term. Anxiety among the people of Japan concerning earthquakes and nuclear accidents is higher than ever, but other hazards confront them as well. This research investigated whether the Japanese people's anxiety about a variety of other hazards has increased or decreased since the Tohoku Earthquake. Based on the availability heuristic, the contrast effect, and the finite-pool-of-worry hypothesis, it was predicted that public anxiety about earthquakes and nuclear accidents would increase, but anxiety about other hazards would decrease. Data from two nationwide surveys conducted in January 2008 and January 2012 were compared to see the change in societal levels of anxiety toward 51 types of hazards. The results showed that anxiety had increased after the Tohoku Earthquake for only one hazard other than earthquakes and nuclear accidents. For 29 other hazards, the anxiety levels had significantly decreased; and for the remaining 19 hazards, there was no significant change. These results support the prediction, indicating that post-disaster, the overall anxiety levels of the Japanese people tended to decline. Practical implications were discussed with a focus on problems that might be caused by the changes in anxiety level.