Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters
Measuring and comparing evolvability and constraint in multivariate characters
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01573.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Houle, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hansen, T. F.;Houle, D.
Lande方程是我们理解数量性状在多变量背景下的短期演化的基础。它预测选择的反应作为加性遗传方差矩阵和选择梯度的乘积。选择梯度近似于选择的力量和方向，遗传方差矩阵量化了遗传系统在进化中的作用。试图了解的遗传方差矩阵的进化意义的阻碍，事实上，大多数用于表征和比较方差矩阵的方法还没有得到一个明确的理论背景。我们使用的朗德方程，以获得新的措施的能力的方差矩阵，以允许或限制在任何方向上的表型空间的演变。进化性是指当不存在稳定选择时，种群向选择方向进化的能力。条件可进化性是指在其他性状组合存在稳定选择的情况下，群体对定向选择作出反应的能力。然后，我们从这些进化性中得出性格自主性和整合性的度量。我们研究这些措施的性质，并展示它们如何可以用来解释和比较方差矩阵。作为一个例子，我们表明，在双翅目果蝇科的翅膀形状的分歧进行了方向，具有相对较高的进化。
The Lande equation forms the basis for our understanding of the short-term evolution of quantitative traits in a multivariate context. It predicts the response to selection as the product of an additive genetic variance matrix and a selection gradient. The selection gradient approximates the force and direction of selection, and the genetic variance matrix quantifies the role of the genetic system in evolution. Attempts to understand the evolutionary significance of the genetic variance matrix are hampered by the fact that the majority of the methods used to characterize and compare variance matrices have not been derived in an explicit theoretical context. We use the Lande equation to derive new measures of the ability of a variance matrix to allow or constrain evolution in any direction in phenotype space. Evolvability captures the ability of a population to evolve in the direction of selection when stabilizing selection is absent. Conditional evolvability captures the ability of a population to respond to directional selection in the presence of stabilizing selection on other trait combinations. We then derive measures of character autonomy and integration from these evolvabilities. We study the properties of these measures and show how they can be used to interpret and compare variance matrices. As an illustration, we show that divergence of wing shape in the dipteran family Drosophilidae has proceeded in directions that have relatively high evolvabilities.