A new structure on the frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopitiae)
A new structure on the frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopitiae)
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亚洲水稻飞虱Callitettix versicolor（半翅目：Aucheno rhyncha：Cercopitiae）雄性成虫额叶的新结构
DOI：
10.11646/zootaxa.4801.3.12
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发表时间：
2020-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Liang, Ai-Ping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liang, Ai-Ping
本文报道了在亚洲稻沫蝉Callistettix versicolor（Fabricius，1794）雄性成虫额上发现的一个新结构，暂定名为“额腺”。成人C变色龙的额形态具有明显的二型性。雌性成虫的额部与大多数种类一样，通常是肿胀的，接近球状，并被短毛覆盖，而雄性成虫的额部则明显不同，后唇基和前唇基的下3/5中央平坦，裸露，表面光滑。扫描电镜观察发现，雄成虫扁平的额部表面布满了许多非常细小的气孔。总的来说，每个峰在中心平坦区域上具有超过4500个孔，平均密度为55.5 +/- 1.50个孔/100 μ m（2）。孔隙间距平均为10.63 ± 1.8 μ m。每个孔隙单元由一个圆形深腔组成，深腔中有一个中央锥状突起。空腔由表皮边缘界定，空腔的开口直径平均为2.89 +/- 0.20 μ m。中央圆锥状突起有海绵状顶端，直径2.52-2.70 μ m。此外，在围绕空腔及其中央锥形突起的边缘角质层边缘上有一个或两个（大多数情况下为两个）极细的凹坑（直径为0.42-0.56 μ m）。这些角质的细纹孔位于孔的近端，距离为0.98-1.96 μ m。这些多孔结构不存在于女性成年人的额上。它们被认为是一个外分泌腺系统，可能是雄性性信息素释放腺，因为它们只存在于雄性成虫中。交配行为的观察表明，它可能是由额腺分泌物构成的短程引诱剂，并可能履行催情功能，刺激交配。以前人们认为Aucherichrhyncha的物种通过声音信号进行交流，但这里描述的发现表明，至少有一种Aucherichrhynchan物种也使用化学物质进行性交流。
A new structure, here tentatively named the "frontal gland," specifically found on frons of male adults of the Asian rice spittlebug, Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius, 1794) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cercopidae), is reported. Adult C. versicolor is distinctly dimorphic in frons morphology. The frons in female adults, like that in most cercopid species, is normally swollen and nearly bulbose and is covered with short pilosity, while the frons in male adults is visibly different, with the lower 3/5 of the postclypeus and anteclypeus being centrally flat, bare and smooth on the surface. SEM observations revealed that the flat frons surface of the male adults is covered with numerous, very fine pores. In total, each frons has over 4500 pores on the central flat area, with an average density of 55.5 +/- 1.50 pores per 100 mu m(2). The distance among the pores averages 10.63 +/- 1.8 mu m. Each pore unit is composed of a round, deep cavity in which one central conical process is set. The cavity is delimited by a cuticular rim and the opening of the cavity averages 2.89 +/- 0.20 mu m in diameter. The central, conical process has a sponge-like apex and measures 2.52-2.70 mu m in diameter. In addition, one or two (two in most cases) extremely fine pits (0.42-0.56 mu m in diameter) are located on the marginal cuticle rim surrounding the cavity and its central conical process. These cuticular, fine pits are located proximal to the pores, at a distance of 0.98-1.96 mu m. These porous structures are not present on the frons in female adults. They are assumed to be an exocrine gland system and arc possibly the male sex pheromone-releasing glands, as they are only present in male adults. Observations of mating behavior showed that it is likely that the secretions made by the frontal gland constitute shortrange attractants and may fulfil aphrodisiac functions to stimulate mating. The species of Auchenorrhyncha were previously thought to communicate via acoustic signals, but the findings described here suggest that at least one Auchenorrhynchan species also uses chemicals for sexual communication.