Social Appraisal Influences Recognition of Emotions
Social Appraisal Influences Recognition of Emotions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0026885
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Sander, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mumenthaler, Christian;Sander, David
社会评价的概念强调了情感评价理论中社会维度的重要性，提出个体评价事件的方式受到其他个体对同一事件的评价和感受的影响。本研究直接测试了这一建议，要求参与者识别屏幕中央的目标面部的动态情绪表情（实验1中的恐惧、快乐或愤怒；实验2中的恐惧、快乐、愤怒或中性），而同时出现在屏幕外围的背景面部则表达了一种情绪（恐惧、快乐、愤怒）或不表达（中性），或者看或不看目标面部。我们操纵凝视方向，以便能够区分单纯的情境效应（目光远离目标脸和参与者）和特定的社会评价效应（目光朝向目标脸）。这两个实验的结果都为情绪识别中的社会评价效应提供了证据，这与单纯的情境信息效应不同：尽管在两种情况下面部表情是相同的，但情境脸的凝视方向影响了情绪识别。当情境面孔表达同样的情绪时，社会评价促进了对愤怒、快乐和恐惧的识别。这种促进作用比单纯的情境效应更强。当情境面孔表达愤怒时，社会评价也能更好地识别恐惧；当情境面孔表达恐惧时，社会评价能更好地识别愤怒。
The notion of social appraisal emphasizes the importance of a social dimension in appraisal theories of emotion by proposing that the way an individual appraises an event is influenced by the way other individuals appraise and feel about the same event. This study directly tested this proposal by asking participants to recognize dynamic facial expressions of emotion (fear, happiness, or anger in Experiment 1; fear, happiness, anger, or neutral in Experiment 2) in a target face presented at the center of a screen while a contextual face, which appeared simultaneously in the periphery of the screen, expressed an emotion (fear, happiness, anger) or not (neutral) and either looked at the target face or not. We manipulated gaze direction to be able to distinguish between a mere contextual effect (gaze away from both the target face and the participant) and a specific social appraisal effect (gaze toward the target face). Results of both experiments provided evidence for a social appraisal effect in emotion recognition, which differed from the mere effect of contextual information: Whereas facial expressions were identical in both conditions, the direction of the gaze of the contextual face influenced emotion recognition. Social appraisal facilitated the recognition of anger, happiness, and fear when the contextual face expressed the same emotion. This facilitation was stronger than the mere contextual effect. Social appraisal also allowed better recognition of fear when the contextual face expressed anger and better recognition of anger when the contextual face expressed fear.