ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC-RESEARCH ON MALARIA - A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE
ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC-RESEARCH ON MALARIA - A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE
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DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(93)90248-3
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发表时间：
1993-11-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
GOMES, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GOMES, M
控制疟疾的主要目标是减少疟疾造成的死亡和疾病。消除感染要困难得多。然而，在疟疾流行的大多数发展中国家，关于疟疾死亡率的水平、差异和趋势及其作为流行社区死亡或疾病原因的相对重要性的可靠数据很少。投入大量努力和资源，向母亲和儿童提供基本护理。大多数国家的幼儿都认为，必须更好地了解在不同流行病情况下儿童死亡率的具体原因，以便针对高危群体采取适当的干预措施，并根据其对降低死亡率的贡献进行适当评价。由于相对于问题的规模而言所需的人均资源仍然稀少，各国政府发现，它们必须更有效地利用现有资源来实现其保健目标。就疟疾而言，记录替代干预措施的边际成本和效益及其对扩大（或缩小）服务以及疾病流行程度和分布的反应的经验数据太少。同样重要的是，关于疟疾的私人成本（治疗、运输等）的文献对控制疟疾的收益提供了不完整的指导，除非作者开始研究其结果的政策含义;例如，在许多国家，越来越多的证据表明，私人在卫生方面的支出超过了公共支出。在公共部门的预防支出对影响发病率如此重要的情况下，这种组合对疟疾等传染病有什么影响？
The primary objective of malaria control is to reduce deaths and illness from the disease. Elimination of infection is far more difficult. However, in most developing countries where malaria is endemic, there are few reliable data on levels, differences and trends in malaria mortality, and its relative importance as a cause of death or illness in endemic communities. The large-scale efforts and resources being devoted to delivery of essential care to mothers and. young children in most countries make it important to have a better understanding of the extent of cause-specific child mortality levels in different epidemiological conditions so that appropriate interventions can be targetted at high risk groups and properly evaluated according to their contribution to mortality reduction. As per capita resources necessary in relation to the scale of the problem remain scarce, governments are finding that they must use their available resources more efficiently in meeting their health objectives. In the case of malaria, there are far too few empirical data documenting the marginal costs and benefits of alternative interventions and their response to an expansion (or contraction) of ser-vices, and to the level of endemicity and distribution of disease. Equally important, the literature on private costs of malaria (treatment, transportation etc) provides incomplete guidance to gains from control unless the authors begin to examine the policy implications of their results; for example, in many countries there is accumulating evidence that private expenditures outweigh public expenditures on health. What effect does this mix have on infectious diseases like malaria where public sector expenditures on prevention are so important in affecting incidence?