Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular disease, diagnosis, and therapy.
Long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular disease, diagnosis, and therapy.
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DOI：
10.1097/hco.0000000000000454
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发表时间：
2017-11
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Feinberg MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haemmig S;Simion V;Yang D;Deng Y;Feinberg MW
长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 已成为几乎所有生物过程的强大调节剂。它们在健康和疾病中的细胞类型和组织特异性表达为诊断和治疗提供了新的途径。这篇综述强调了 lncRNA 在心血管疾病 (CVD) 中的作用，特别关注参与心脏损伤和重塑、血管损伤、血管生成、炎症和脂质代谢的细胞类型。几乎 98% 的基因组不编码蛋白质。 LncRNA 是非编码基因组中最丰富的 RNA 类型之一。越来越多的研究发现了 lncRNA 介导的 CVD 相关基因、信号通路和病理生理反应的新调节。使用短反义寡核苷酸或通过基因编辑在体内靶向lncRNA，通过表观遗传、转录或翻译机制为疾病发病机制提供了重要的见解。尽管跨物种保护仍然是一个主要障碍，但人们越来越认识到 lncRNA 表达的改变与特定阶段的 CVD 病理学和人类患者群体相关，为诊断和治疗提供了新的机会。更好地了解 lncRNA 不仅可以从根本上提高我们对 CVD 关键信号通路的理解，而且有助于开发有效的新疗法和基于 RNA 的生物标志物。
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as powerful regulators of nearly all biological processes. Their cell-type and tissue-specific expression in health and disease provides new avenues for diagnosis and therapy. This review highlights the role of lncRNAs that are involved in cardiovascular disease (CVD) with a special focus on cell types involved in cardiac injury and remodelling, vascular injury, angiogenesis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. Almost 98% of the genome does not encode for proteins. LncRNAs are among the most abundant type of RNA in the non-coding genome. Accumulating studies have uncovered novel lncRNA-mediated regulation of CVD-associated genes, signalling pathways, and pathophysiological responses. Targeting lncRNAs in vivo using short antisense oligonucleotides or by gene editing has provided important insights into disease pathogenesis through epigenetic, transcriptional, or translational mechanisms. Although cross-species conservation still remains a major obstacle, there is increasing appreciation that altered expression of lncRNAs associates with stage-specific CVD pathologies and in human patient cohorts, providing new opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. A better understanding of lncRNAs will not only fundamentally improve our understanding of key signaling pathways in CVD, but also aid in the development of effective new therapies and RNA-based biomarkers.