Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy
Stress during pregnancy is associated with developmental outcome in infancy
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DOI：
10.1111/1469-7610.00166
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Buitelaar, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huizink, AC;de Medina, PGR;Buitelaar, JK
背景：动物研究表明，产前母亲的压力可能与后代的认知障碍有关。因此，我们研究了人类怀孕期间压力的心理和内分泌测量是否可以预测婴儿 3 个月和 8 个月时的发育结果。方法：采用前瞻性设计，收集 170 名妊娠早期、中期和晚期的未产妇的日常烦恼、妊娠特异性焦虑和唾液皮质醇水平的自我报告数据，并对健康足月出生的婴儿进行出生后随访。结果：怀孕中期的高水平妊娠特异性焦虑预示着 8 个月时智力和运动发育评分较低 (p < .05)。怀孕早期每天的大量麻烦与 8 个月时较低的智力发育评分相关 (p < .05)。妊娠晚期清晨皮质醇值与 3 个月时的智力和运动发育（分别为 p < .05 和 p < .005）以及 8 个月时的运动发育（p < .01）呈负相关。智力和运动发育量表平均下降 8 分。所有结果均针对大量协变量进行了调整。结论：怀孕期间的压力似乎是 8 个月大婴儿运动和智力发育迟缓的决定因素之一，并且可能是以后发育问题的危险因素。需要对当前样本进行进一步的系统跟踪，以确定这些延迟是暂时的、持续的还是渐进的。
Background: Animal studies show that prenatal maternal stress may be related to cognitive impairments in offspring. Therefore, we examined whether psychological and endocrinologic measures of stress during human pregnancy predicted developmental outcome of the infant at 3 and 8 months. Method: Self-report data about daily hassles and pregnancy-specific anxiety and salivary cortisol levels were collected in 170 nulliparous women in early, mid- and late pregnancy in a prospective design, in which healthy infants born at term were followed up after birth. Results: High levels of pregnancy-specific anxiety in mid-pregnancy predicted lower mental and motor developmental scores at 8 months (p < .05). High amounts of daily hassles in early pregnancy were associated with lower mental developmental scores at 8 months (p < .05). Early morning values of cortisol in late pregnancy were negatively related to both mental and motor development at 3 months (p < .05 and p < .005, respectively) and motor development at 8 months (p < .01). On average a decline of 8 points on the mental and motor development scale was found. All results were adjusted for a large number of covariates. Conclusion: Stress during pregnancy appears to be one of the determinants of delay in motor and mental development in infants of 8 months of age and may be a risk factor for later developmental problems. Further systematic follow-up of the present sample is needed to determine whether these delays are transient, persistent or even progressive.