Global judgments of subjective well-being: Situational variability and long-term stability
Global judgments of subjective well-being: Situational variability and long-term stability
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DOI：
10.1023/b:soci.0000003801.89195.bc
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发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Diener, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eid, M;Diener, E
主观幸福感（SWB）是生活质量的重要指标。 SWB可以被概念化为一种瞬时状态（例如情绪）以及相对稳定的特征（例如生活满意度）。实验研究表明，主观幸福感的判断似乎强烈依赖于背景，因此对自我报告的主观幸福感特质方面的有效性提出了质疑。特别是，短期情绪似乎对全球主观幸福感判断有很大影响。为了探索这些结论的生态有效性，进行了三次测量的非实验纵向自我报告研究（N = 249）。在多状态-多特质-多结构模型中分析了瞬时情绪评级与SWB（生活满意度、生活领域满意度、情绪频率和强度）以及人格评级（自尊、乐观、神经质、外向）的整体判断之间的关联。该模型考虑了 (a) 测量误差、(b) 特定场合偏差和 (c) 稳定的个体差异。结果表明，全球主观幸福感判断和人格评分的变异性相对较小，远小于情绪的变异性。此外，一方面，情绪状态与全球主观幸福感和性格评级之间的特定场合关联相对较小且不一致。所有全局主观幸福感和人格变量在特质水平上与情绪的相关性比在特定场合偏差水平上的相关性更强。因此，与实验研究相比，特定场合的情绪影响在生态测量环境中似乎并不重要。
Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important indicator of quality of life. SWB can be conceptualized as a momentary state ( e. g., mood) as well as a relatively stable trait ( e. g., life satisfaction). The validity of self-reported trait aspects of SWB has been questioned by experimental studies showing that SWB judgments seem to be strongly context dependent. Particularly, momentary mood seems to have a strong influence on global SWB judgments. To explore the ecological validity of these conclusions a non-experimental longitudinal self-report study with three occasions of measurement was conducted (N = 249). The associations between momentary mood ratings and global judgments of SWB ( life satisfaction, satisfaction with life domains, frequency and intensity of emotions) as well as personality ratings (self-esteem, optimism, neuroticism, extraversion) were analyzed in a multistate-multitrait-multiconstruct model. This model takes ( a) measurement error, (b) occasion-specific deviations, and ( c) stable interindividual differences into account. It is shown that the variability in global SWB judgments and personality ratings is relatively small and much smaller than the variability in mood. Furthermore, the occasion-specific associations between mood states, on the one hand, and global SWB and personality ratings, on the other hand, are relatively small and inconsistent. All global SWB and personality variables are more strongly related to mood on the trait level than on the occasion-specific deviation level. Therefore, in contrast to experimental studies, occasion-specific mood effects do not seem to be inherently important in ecological measurement settings.