The number of tree species on Earth.
The number of tree species on Earth.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2115329119
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发表时间：
2022-02-08
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Liang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cazzolla Gatti R;Reich PB;Gamarra JGP;Crowther T;Hui C;Morera A;Bastin JF;de-Miguel S;Nabuurs GJ;Svenning JC;Serra-Diaz JM;Merow C;Enquist B;Kamenetsky M;Lee J;Zhu J;Fang J;Jacobs DF;Pijanowski B;Banerjee A;Giaquinto RA;Alberti G;Almeyda Zambrano AM;Alvarez-Davila E;Araujo-Murakami A;Avitabile V;Aymard GA;Balazy R;Baraloto C;Barroso JG;Bastian ML;Birnbaum P;Bitariho R;Bogaert J;Bongers F;Bouriaud O;Brancalion PHS;Brearley FQ;Broadbent EN;Bussotti F;Castro da Silva W;César RG;Češljar G;Chama Moscoso V;Chen HYH;Cienciala E;Clark CJ;Coomes DA;Dayanandan S;Decuyper M;Dee LE;Del Aguila Pasquel J;Derroire G;Djuikouo MNK;Van Do T;Dolezal J;Đorđević IĐ;Engel J;Fayle TM;Feldpausch TR;Fridman JK;Harris DJ;Hemp A;Hengeveld G;Herault B;Herold M;Ibanez T;Jagodzinski AM;Jaroszewicz B;Jeffery KJ;Johannsen VK;Jucker T;Kangur A;Karminov VN;Kartawinata K;Kennard DK;Kepfer-Rojas S;Keppel G;Khan ML;Khare PK;Kileen TJ;Kim HS;Korjus H;Kumar A;Kumar A;Laarmann D;Labrière N;Lang M;Lewis SL;Lukina N;Maitner BS;Malhi Y;Marshall AR;Martynenko OV;Monteagudo Mendoza AL;Ontikov PV;Ortiz-Malavasi E;Pallqui Camacho NC;Paquette A;Park M;Parthasarathy N;Peri PL;Petronelli P;Pfautsch S;Phillips OL;Picard N;Piotto D;Poorter L;Poulsen JR;Pretzsch H;Ramírez-Angulo H;Restrepo Correa Z;Rodeghiero M;Rojas Gonzáles RDP;Rolim SG;Rovero F;Rutishauser E;Saikia P;Salas-Eljatib C;Schepaschenko D;Scherer-Lorenzen M;Šebeň V;Silveira M;Slik F;Sonké B;Souza AF;Stereńczak KJ;Svoboda M;Taedoumg H;Tchebakova N;Terborgh J;Tikhonova E;Torres-Lezama A;van der Plas F;Vásquez R;Viana H;Vibrans AC;Vilanova E;Vos VA;Wang HF;Westerlund B;White LJT;Wiser SK;Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T;Zemagho L;Zhu ZX;Zo-Bi IC;Liang J
树木多样性是森林生态系统稳定和服务的基础。然而，由于有限的可用数据，在大的地理区域的树木多样性的估计仍然严重依赖于公布的物种描述，在地理上不均匀的覆盖范围。这些限制妨碍了形成全球视角的努力。在这里，基于地面来源的全球数据库，我们估计在生物群落，大陆和全球尺度上的树种数量。我们估计全球树木的丰富度（73，300）比今天已知的数量高出14%，大多数未被发现的物种是稀有的，大陆特有的，热带或亚热带的。这些结果突出了全球树种多样性对人为变化的脆弱性。生态学中最基本的问题之一是地球上有多少物种。然而，由于大量的后勤和财政挑战以及与物种概念定义有关的分类学困难，全球物种的数量，包括树木等重要和经过充分研究的生命形式，在很大程度上仍然是未知的。在这里，基于全球地面来源的数据，我们估计在全球，大陆和生物群落水平的总树种丰富度。我们的研究结果表明，全球有173，000个树种，其中19，000个树种尚未被发现。大约40%的未被发现的树种在南美洲。此外，几乎三分之一的所有被发现的树种可能是罕见的，人口非常少，空间分布有限（可能在偏远的热带低地和山区）。这些研究结果突出表明，全球森林生物多样性易受土地利用和气候人为变化的影响，这不成比例地威胁到稀有物种，从而威胁到全球树木的丰富性。
Tree diversity is fundamental for forest ecosystem stability and services. However, because of limited available data, estimates of tree diversity at large geographic domains still rely heavily on published lists of species descriptions that are geographically uneven in coverage. These limitations have precluded efforts to generate a global perspective. Here, based on a ground-sourced global database, we estimate the number of tree species at biome, continental, and global scales. We estimated a global tree richness (≈73,300) that is ≈14% higher than numbers known today, with most undiscovered species being rare, continentally endemic, and tropical or subtropical. These results highlight the vulnerability of global tree species diversity to anthropogenic changes. One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.