Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization
Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1747-7379.2002.tb00121.x
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发表时间：
2002-12
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
S. Castles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Castles
本文旨在重新思考全球化条件下移民过程的动态。移民和融入社会的两种主要模式主导着二十世纪末的学术和政策方针：第一种是定居者模式，根据这种模式，移民逐渐融入经济和社会关系，与家人团聚或组成家庭，并最终融入东道国社会(有时需要两代或三代人)；第二种是临时移民模式，根据这种模式，移徙工人在东道国停留一段时间，并保持与原籍国的关系。全球化的定义是跨境流动和跨国网络的扩散，它改变了移徙的背景。新的通信和运输技术使人员、思想和文化符号能够频繁和多方向地流动。对民族国家主权和自治权的侵蚀削弱了边境管制和移民同化制度。其结果是，与移徙和社区形成有关的物质和文化习俗发生了变化，不同类别的移徙者之间的界限变得模糊。这些趋势将通过对一些亚洲和欧洲移民国家的案例研究加以说明。必须重新思考我们对移徙进程的理解，理解新形式的流动和融合，特别是跨国社区、多重身份和多层次公民身份的出现。
This article sets out to rethink the dynamics of the migratory process under conditions of globalization. Two main models of migration and incorporation dominated academic and policy approaches in the late twentieth century: first, the settler model, according to which immigrants gradually integrated into economic and social relations, re-united or formed families and eventually became assimilated into the host society (sometimes over two or three generations); second, the temporary migration model, according to which migrant workers stayed in the host country for a limited period, and maintained their affiliation with their country of origin. Globalization, defined as a proliferation of cross-border flows and transnational networks, has changed the context for migration. New technologies of communication and transport allow frequent and multi-directional flows of people, ideas and cultural symbols. The erosion of nation-state sovereignty and autonomy weakens systems of border-control and migrant assimilation. The result is the transformation of the material and cultural practices associated with migration and community formation, and the blurring of boundaries between different categories of migrants. These trends will be illustrated through case-studies of a number of Asian and European immigration countries. It is important to re-think our understanding of the migratory process, to understand new forms of mobility and incorporation, particularly the emergence of transnational communities, multiple identities and multi-layered citizenship.