Plasticity of cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance.
Plasticity of cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-neuro-071714-034002
复制
发表时间：
2015-07-08
影响因子：
13.9
通讯作者：
Froemke RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Froemke RC
突触是高度可塑性的，会随着神经活动模式或感觉体验的改变而改变。皮质兴奋性突触的可塑性被认为对学习和记忆很重要，导致感觉表征和认知地图的改变。然而，这些变化必须在局部回路内的其他突触之间协调，以保护神经编码方案和兴奋性和抑制性输入的组织，即兴奋性-抑制性平衡。最近的研究表明，抑制性突触也是可塑性的，直接受到大量神经调节剂的控制，特别是在学习过程中。许多调节剂通过减少抑制来瞬间改变兴奋性-抑制性平衡，因此去抑制已经成为神经调节可能自然地实现长期突触修改的主要机制。本文综述了神经调节和突触可塑性之间的关系，着重于长期变化的诱导，这些变化共同增强皮层兴奋-抑制平衡，以改善感知和行为。
Synapses are highly plastic and are modified by changes in patterns of neural activity or sensory experience. Plasticity of cortical excitatory synapses is thought to be important for learning and memory, leading to alterations in sensory representations and cognitive maps. However, these changes must be coordinated across other synapses within local circuits to preserve neural coding schemes and the organization of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, i.e., excitatory-inhibitory balance. Recent studies indicate that inhibitory synapses are also plastic and are controlled directly by a large number of neuromodulators, particularly during episodes of learning. Many modulators transiently alter excitatory-inhibitory balance by decreasing inhibition, and thus disinhibition has emerged as a major mechanism by which neuromodulation might enable long-term synaptic modifications naturally. This review examines the relationships between neuromodulation and synaptic plasticity, focusing on the induction of long-term changes that collectively enhance cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance for improving perception and behavior.