VECTORS AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION - EPIDEMIOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE
VECTORS AND VERTICAL TRANSMISSION - EPIDEMIOLOGIC PERSPECTIVE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1975.tb35099.x
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
FINE, PEM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FINE, PEM
概述了遗传性感染流行病学的一般方法，特别是在无脊椎动物载体中遗传的脊椎动物和植物病原体。传染源在此类载体中的垂直传播可以在遗传共生的一般理论（包括“互惠”、“共生”和“寄生”）的背景下考虑。建议根据所涉及生物体的性质和替代传播途径的可用性，将所有遗传性感染分类为 9 种流行病学类型的系统。垂直传播对传染原维持的贡献可以通过l'Heritier 使用的方法的扩展来评估[参见. RAE/A 61, 878 等] 果蝇 sigma 病毒研究。结果表明，仅通过垂直传播维持感染的充分条件是αβ（r+v）>1，其中r和v分别定义为母本和父本垂直传播率，α和β分别为感染宿主的相对生育力（子代相对数量）和生存潜力（与未感染宿主相比）。作为垂直传播贡献的补充，维持传染原所需的水平（或“锯齿形”）传播量也可以通过这种方法进行估计。根据这种分类和分析系统，对垂直传播实例的调查应有助于客观评估这种传播方式相对于自然感染的维持和可能控制的流行病学重要性。
A general approach is outlined to the epidemiology of hereditary infections, with particular reference to vertebrate and plant pathogens that are inherited in their invertebrate vectors. The vertical transmission of infectious agents in such vectors can be considered within the context of a general theory of hereditary symbiosis (inclusive of 'mutualism', 'commensalism' and 'parasitism'). It is suggested that all hereditary infections be classified within a system of 9 epidemiological types, according to the nature of the organisms involved and the availability of alternative transmission pathways. The contribution of vertical transmission to the maintenance of infectious agents can be assessed by an extension of methods used by l'Heritier [cf. RAE/A 61, 878, etc.] in studies on sigma virus in Drosophila. It is shown that a sufficient condition for the maintenance of infection by vertical transmission alone is alpha beta (r + v)>1, where r and v are defined as the maternal and paternal vertical transmission rates, respectively, and alpha and beta are the relative fertility (in the sense of the relative number of progeny) and survival potential of infected hosts (compared to those of uninfected hosts). The amount of horizontal (or 'zig-zag') transmission required, as a supplement to the vertical transmission contribution, to maintain an infectious agent can also be estimated by this approach. The investigation of examples of vertical transmission, in the light of this classification and analytical system, should facilitate objective assessment of the epidemiological importance of this transmission modality vis-a-vis the maintenance, and possible control, of infections in nature.