Connecting soils to life in conservation planning, nutrient cycling, and planetary science
Connecting soils to life in conservation planning, nutrient cycling, and planetary science
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DOI：
10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104247
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发表时间：
2023-01-06
影响因子：
12.1
通讯作者：
Lybrand，Rebecca A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lybrand，Rebecca A.
土壤作为一种活的、呼吸的纤维将大气与地壳联系起来，从而支撑着生命。土壤学研究土壤科学和土壤学，或研究自然环境中的土壤，跨越整个星球的尺度、学科和社会。由于分析工具和能力的进步，以及对整合跨学科研究必要性的日益重视，土壤科学的范围继续扩大，跨越了空间和时间尺度。这篇综述表明，迫切需要将土壤和土壤科学家的研究结合起来，提出科学家、学生和政府机构都感兴趣的三个重要但看似无关的问题的研究领域：1)土壤的性质如何影响生物的栖息地选择和生存，特别是在人类世面临气候变化和栖息地丧失时挣扎的受威胁和濒危物种？2)我们如何理清非生物和生物过程的异质性，这些过程转化矿物质并向土壤释放支持生命的养分，特别是在发生矿物质-水-微生物相互作用的纳米到微米尺度？3)土壤科学如何推进火星上和火星以外的生命和宜居环境的搜索--从区分生物特征到更好地利用地球上的陆地类似物进行行星探索？这篇综述还强调了土壤科学家为专注于地下问题的跨学科团队带来的工具、资源和专业知识，无论研究领域涉及保护组织、行业、课堂还是致力于解决全球挑战和维持所有人的未来的政府机构。
Soil supports life by serving as a living, breathing fabric that connects the atmosphere to the Earth's crust. The study of soil science and pedology, or the study of soil in the natural environment, spans scales, disciplines, and societies across the planet. The scope of soil science continues to grow by extending across spatial and temporal scales given advancements in analytical tools, capabilities, and a growing emphasis on the need to integrate research across disciplines. This review demonstrates the urgent need to integrate the study of soil, and soil scientists, by presenting research areas centered on three important yet seemingly unrelated questions of central interest to scientists, students, and government agencies alike:1)How do the properties of soil influence the selection of habitat and survival by organisms, especially threatened and endangered species struggling in the face of climate change and habitat loss during the Anthropocene?2)How do we disentangle the heterogeneity of abiotic and biotic processes that transform minerals and release life-supporting nutrients to soil, especially at the nano to microscale where mineral-water-microbe interactions occur? and3)How can soil science advance the search for life and habitable environments on Mars and beyond- from distinguishing biosignatures to better utilizing terrestrial analogs on Earth for planetary exploration? This review also highlights the tools, resources, and expertise that soil scientists bring to interdisciplinary teams focused on questions centered belowground, whether the research areas involve conservation organizations, industry, the classroom, or government agencies working to resolve global challenges and sustain a future for all.