The Yin and Yang of R-loop biology.
The Yin and Yang of R-loop biology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ceb.2015.04.008
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Koshland D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costantino L;Koshland D
RNA 在细胞中发挥多种功能，指导翻译、调节转录和催化酶反应。值得注意的是，RNA 还可以在共转录或转录后与其基因组模板退火，生成 RNA-DNA 杂合体和置换的单链 DNA。这些不寻常的核酸结构称为 R 环。过去几十年的研究集中在 R 环形成的不利影响，特别是对基因组稳定性的不利影响。事实上，R 环被认为在癌症和神经退行性综合症等多种人类疾病中发挥着作用。但最近的数据显示，R 环还可以对细胞过程产生积极影响，例如调节基因表达、染色体结构和 DNA 修复。在这里，我们总结了目前对 R 环形成和溶解的理解，并讨论了它们对基因组结构和功能的负面和正面影响。
RNA performs diverse functions in cells, directing translation, modulating transcription and catalyzing enzymatic reactions. Remarkably RNA can also anneal to its genomic template co- or post-transcriptionally to generate an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. These unusual nucleic acid structures are called R-loops. Studies in the last decades concentrated on the detrimental effects of R-loop formation, particularly on genome stability. In fact, R-loops are thought to play a role in several human diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative syndromes. But recent data has revealed that R-loops can also have a positive impact on cell processes, like regulating gene expression, chromosome structure and DNA repair. Here we summarize our current understanding of the formation and dissolution of R-loops, and discuss their negative and positive impact on genome structure and function.