Foundations for offshore wind turbines
Foundations for offshore wind turbines
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2003.1286
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发表时间：
2003-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Byrne;G. Houlsby
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Byrne;G. Houlsby
当今的一个重要工程挑战，也是未来的一个重要挑战，是开发和收获替代能源。这在英国是一个坚定的优先事项，政府设定的目标是到2010年可再生能源占电力的10%。这一承诺的一个核心组成部分将是通过风力涡轮机或电流或波浪发电机从海上巨大的能源储备中获取电力。这些技术中最成熟的是风能技术，因为可以从陆上经验中获得许多技术转让。陆上风力发电场，虽然提供“绿色能源”，往往会引起一些反对意见的美学理由。这些反对意见可以通过将涡轮机安装在海上来解决，在海上也可以安装更大容量的涡轮机，从而最大限度地发挥每个风电场的潜力。本文探讨了海上风力涡轮机遇到的一些土木工程问题。一个关键的组成部分是结构与地面的连接，特别是如何将施加到结构上的荷载安全地转移到周围的土壤中。我们回顾了以前的海上基础的设计工作，然后提出了一些简单的设计计算的基础和结构的大小适合风力涡轮机的问题。我们研究的不足之处，目前的设计方法，目前正在进行的研究，以克服这些不足之处。必须改进设计，使这些替代能源能够在经济上与传统能源供应商竞争。
An important engineering challenge of today, and a vital one for the future, is to develop and harvest alternative sources of energy. This is a firm priority in the UK, with the government setting a target of 10% of electricity from renewable sources by 2010. A component central to this commitment will be to harvest electrical power from the vast energy reserves offshore, through wind turbines or current or wave power generators. The most mature of these technologies is that of wind, as much technology transfer can be gained from onshore experience. Onshore wind farms, although supplying ‘green energy’, tend to provoke some objections on aesthetic grounds. These objections can be countered by locating the turbines offshore, where it will also be possible to install larger capacity turbines, thus maximizing the potential of each wind farm location. This paper explores some civil–engineering problems encountered for offshore wind turbines. A critical component is the connection of the structure to the ground, and in particular how the load applied to the structure is transferred safely to the surrounding soil. We review previous work on the design of offshore foundations, and then present some simple design calculations for sizing foundations and structures appropriate to the wind-turbine problem. We examine the deficiencies in the current design approaches, and the research currently under way to overcome these deficiencies. Designs must be improved so that these alternative energy sources can compete economically with traditional energy suppliers.