Mapping (for) resilience across city scales: An opportunity to open-up conversations for more inclusive resilience policy?
Mapping (for) resilience across city scales: An opportunity to open-up conversations for more inclusive resilience policy?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.014
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Pelling, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borie, Maud;Ziervogel, Gina;Pelling, Mark
从国际协议到社会运动，越来越多的人呼吁在减少不平等和贫困的同时，加强城市的韧性。虽然普遍对复原力一词的含义有广泛的共识，但对于如何在当地实施这一概念存在不同的观点，围绕其变革潜力的争议仍在继续。尽管不同的社会和体制因素很重要，但知识实践产生这些不同观点的方式却被忽视了。为了解决这一差距，本文重点研究了空间知识和测绘实践在复原力和减少灾害风险方面的作用。传统上，用于规划的许多空间数据都是量化的，而且是在广泛的城市层面上的。然而，尽管对复原力的经验性理解已经被广泛认同，但很少有人尝试将这些观点整合到城市层面的复原力规划中，通常依赖于定性和经验性知识。本文结合科学技术研究和人文地理学的见解，探索不同的测绘技术为复原力思维和规划提供的机会。我们的出发点是，科学和技术对于治理并不是中立的，它既可以打开治理选择，也可以关闭治理选择。利用内罗毕和开普敦的案例研究，我们的发现表明，测绘实践是不同的，并产生了对复原力的不同理解。虽然在这些案例研究中，传统方法在城市地图绘制中占据主导地位，但我们在城市和更精细的空间尺度上都找到了创新。地图和地图通过将不同的行为者、规模和知识形式联系起来，提供了复原力的机会。我们建议，需要在如何纳入非传统方法方面做更多的工作，从重视当地经验和边缘人的声音的方法，到更定量的绘图方法。尽管完全整合不同的方法可能是不可能的，也不是可取的，但将它们引入对话有助于打开思考空间，以提高韧性。
There are growing calls, across a continuum from international agreements to social movements, for strengthening urban resilience alongside reductions in inequality and poverty. Although there is broad agreement on what the term resilience means in general, different perspectives exist on how the concept should be implemented locally and controversies around its transformative potential continue. While differing social and institutional factors are important, the ways in which knowledge practices produce these diverse perspectives have been overlooked. To address this gap, this paper focuses on the role of spatial knowledge and mapping practices for resilience and disaster risk reduction. Traditionally, much of the spatial data used for planning has been quantitative and at broad, city-level scales. However, although experiential understandings of resilience have been widely identified, there have been few attempts to integrate these perspectives, often relying on qualitative and experiential knowledge, into city-level resilience planning.Bringing together insights from Science and Technology Studies and Human Geography, this paper explores the opportunities that different mapping techniques provide for resilience thinking and planning. Our starting point is that science and technology are not neutral for governance and can both open up or close down governance options. Using case studies from Nairobi and Cape Town, our findings show that mapping practices are heterogeneous and produce diverse understandings of resilience. Although traditional methods dominate city mapping in these case studies, we find innovation at both the city and finer spatial scales. Maps and mapping offer opportunities for resilience via connecting diverse actors, scales and forms of knowledge. We suggest that more work is needed on how to include non-traditional methods, from those that value local experience and the voice of the marginalized to more quantitative mapping methods. While fully integrating diverse approaches may not be possible, nor desirable, bringing them into conversation helps open-up deliberative spaces for resilience.