Magnetic energy fluxes in sub-Alfvénic planet star and moon planet interactions

Magnetic energy fluxes in sub-Alfvénic planet star and moon planet interactions
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亚阿尔弗尼克行星恒星和月球行星相互作用中的磁能通量

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201118179
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Neubauer
Neubauer
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grambusch;Duling;Neubauer

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在我们的太阳系中,行星卫星与其主行星的电磁耦合被很好地观察到。类似的系外行星与它们的中心恒星的耦合已经在个别观测和统计基础上进行了研究。我们的目标是建立模型,并更好地理解行星、恒星和卫星、行星相互作用的能量学,无论是在个体上还是在统计基础上。方法推导了亚阿尔夫萨奇相互作用下,从行星障碍物到中心体传递磁场能量的坡印亭通量的解析表达式。此外,我们提出了简化的,易于使用的近似的总坡印廷通量对于小的alfv<s:1>马赫数。这些能量通量是在障碍物附近计算的,因此很可能是到达中心物体的能量通量的上限。我们将这些表达式应用于我们太阳系的卫星和HD 179949b。我们还对850个系外行星进行了统计分析。结果我们得到的坡印亭通量与在木星和土星观测到的卫星足迹的能量学和光度比较好。我们发现850个太阳系外行星中有295个可能受到亚阿尔夫萨芬等离子体与其恒星风的相互作用,但由于相关阿尔夫萨芬翅膀的方向,只有258个可以与它们的中心恒星磁连接。系外行星磁耦合的总能量通量变化了好几个数量级,可以达到大于1019W的值。我们计算的HD 179949 b产生的能量通量只能解释观测到的外来行星和恒星磁场特性的能量通量。在这种情况下,可能需要由发射到太阳系外行星的阿尔夫萨芬波能触发的额外能源。我们提供了一份太阳系外行星的清单,我们预计行星-恒星耦合将表现出最大的能量通量。作为补充信息,我们还附上了一个表,其中包含了我们研究中所有850个系外行星附近的模拟恒星风等离子体特性和可能的坡印廷通量。结论:即使在距离较近的系外行星上,总坡印廷通量值的数量级变化也提供了一个自然的解释,为什么行星-恒星耦合可能只能在个体基础上观测到,而不能在统计基础上观测到。
ContextElectromagnetic coupling of planetary moons with their host planets is well observed in our solar system. Similar couplings of extrasolar planets with their central stars have been studied observationally on an individual as well as on a statistical basis.AimsWe aim to model and to better understand the energetics of planet star and moon planet interactions on an individual and as well as on a statistical basis.MethodsWe derived analytic expressions for the Poynting flux communicating magnetic field energy from the planetary obstacle to the central body for sub-Alfvénic interaction. We additionally present simplified, readily useable approximations for the total Poynting flux for small Alfvén Mach numbers. These energy fluxes were calculated near the obstacles and thus likely present upper limits for the fluxes arriving at the central body. We applied these expressions to satellites of our solar system and to HD 179949 b. We also performed a statistical analysis for 850 extrasolar planets.ResultsOur derived Poynting fluxes compare well with the energetics and luminosities of the satellites’ footprints observed at Jupiter and Saturn. We find that 295 of 850 extrasolar planets are possibly subject to sub-Alfvénic plasma interactions with their stellar winds, but only 258 can magnetically connect to their central stars due to the orientations of the associated Alfvén wings. The total energy fluxes in the magnetic coupling of extrasolar planets vary by many orders of magnitude and can reach values larger than 1019W. Our calculated energy fluxes generated at HD 179949 b can only explain the observed energy fluxes for exotic planetary and stellar magnetic field properties. In this case, additional energy sources triggered by the Alfvén wave energy launched at the extrasolar planet might be necessary. We provide a list of extrasolar planets where we expect planet star coupling to exhibit the largest energy fluxes. As supplementary information we also attach a table of the modeled stellar wind plasma properties and possible Poynting fluxes near all 850 extrasolar planets included in our study.ConclusionsThe orders of magnitude variations in the values for the total Poynting fluxes even for close-in extrasolar planets provide a natural explanation why planet star coupling might have been only observable on an individual basis but not on a statistical basis.
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