Automotive adsorption air conditioner powered by exhaust heat. Part 1: conceptual and embodiment design
Automotive adsorption air conditioner powered by exhaust heat. Part 1: conceptual and embodiment design
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DOI：
10.1243/09544070jauto221
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Jones, B. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambert, M. A.;Jones, B. J.
汽车机械压缩机消耗的大量电力（超小型到中型汽车通勤期间消耗的电力为 12-17%）可以通过为空调提供动力来消除，否则会浪费废热。在本工作中，追踪了排气动力吸附（干燥剂蒸汽）空调的概念和实施设计。在设计之前，需要详细讨论汽车冷却要求和设计所依据的典型驾驶场景。然后将吸附冷却与其他热动力冷却技术[斯特林、吸收（液体-蒸汽）和热电（即珀尔帖）]进行比较，证明吸附在尺寸和质量方面是最佳替代方案。接下来描述的发明将每公斤空调的冷却比冷却功率（SCP）提高到超出文献中描述的现有技术水平，同时保持足够高的冷却性能系数（COPc）。吸附剂由轻油加热和冷却，轻油又由废气和新鲜空气加热和冷却。这种间接加热和冷却可实现所需的 COPc，允许在车辆中实现部件的最佳放置，并允许使用相变材料（例如蜡）来存储废热，从而缩短充注制冷剂储存器所需的时间，从而在冷发动机启动后立即提供冷却。
The significant power used by the mechanical compressor of an automobile (12-17 per cent during commuting for subcompact to mid-size cars) can be eliminated by powering the air conditioner with otherwise wasted exhaust heat. In the present work the conceptual and embodiment design of an exhaust-powered adsorption (desiccant-vapour) air conditioner are traced. The design is preceded by detailed discussion of automotive cooling requirements and the typical driving scenario on which the design is based. Adsorption cooling is then compared with other thermally powered cooling technologies [Stirling, absorption (liquid-vapour), and thermoelectric (i.e. Peltier)], demonstrating that adsorption is the best alternative in terms of size and mass. Next are described inventions to boost specific cooling power (SCP) in kW cooling per kg of air conditioner beyond the state of the art described in the literature while maintaining an adequately high coefficient of performance for cooling (COPc). The adsorbent is heated and cooled by light oil which in turn is heated and cooled by exhaust and fresh air. Such indirect heating and cooling achieves the required COPc, permits optimum placement of components in the vehicle, and allows the use of phase-change material (e.g. wax) to store exhaust heat, shortening the time needed to recharge the refrigerant reservoir which provides immediate cooling after start-up of a cold engine.