Palynologic processing in Antarctica
Palynologic processing in Antarctica
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南极洲的孢粉学处理
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
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通讯作者：
J. Wrenn
中科院分区：
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作者：
J. Simes;J. Wrenn
南极洲钻探项目第一季的现场孢粉学处理已经完成。在速度、安全和环境考虑至关重要的情况下，微波消解被用来使用氢氟酸分解样品。所描述的方法有助于该项目的快速井下分析，使孢粉学能够像其他生物地层学学科一样及时提供结果。与该项目中使用的其他生物地层学学科相比，南极洲的时间更为有利。传统的孢粉处理实验室使用以下基本方案的变体从固结岩石中提取花粉：通过压碎物理分解岩石材料；用热盐酸（10%）除去碳酸盐，用蒸馏水洗至中性；用氢氟酸（50%）除去硅酸盐，用蒸馏水洗至中性；用盐酸（36%？）除去不溶性氟化物，用蒸馏水洗至中性；氧化有机残留物，将孢粉形态与其他抵抗力较差的有机材料分开。此阶段还将去除硫化物矿物质。用蒸馏水洗至中性；使用重液将有机物与矿物质分离并洗涤。使用筛分和/或过滤的组合选择性地分离优选尺寸的部分；将首选大小的残留物安装在载玻片和盖上； Wood 等人概述了该方法和变化的详细摘要。等人（1996）。南极洲的孢粉加工 在南极洲，环境考虑要求加工方法避免产生大量废酸和酸烟污染空气。传统方法需要在敞口烧杯中加入相对大量的发烟酸，无法满足合适的要求。微波技术首次允许在南极洲进行样品制备和现场孢粉地层分析，从而开启了孢粉学历史的新篇章。由于这项新技术的独特特性，南极洲罗斯海的罗伯茨角项目 (CRP) 麦克默多湾第一个钻探季节的孢粉地层支持才得以成功。罗斯岛麦克默多站的克拉里科学与工程中心 (CSEC) 内建立了迄今为止世界上最南端的孢粉学处理实验室。 CRP 钻探地点位于南纬 77.008°、东经 163.755°，位于麦克默多站西北约 125 公里处。直升机每天两次将岩心从钻探现场运送到麦克默多站。两股采样流被提交给实验室进行处理。定期采集快速样本并送往 CSEC，在那里将样本分为不同的生物地层学科并作为优先事项进行处理，以便为钻探计划提供及时的生物地层输入。当完整的核心到达 CSEC 时，会采集、处理和分析子样本。一份详细介绍钻探季节活动的初步报告在南极洲完成，并在钻探终止后三个月内发布（罗伯茨角科学团队，1998）。传统的孢粉学处理时间比其他生物地层学学科要长得多，因此，孢粉学对现场钻探决策的贡献较小。漫长的处理时间以及化学危害、对实验室空间和通风柜的需求是海上石油钻井平台和船载钻井计划通常不包括船上孢粉学处理设施的部分原因。由于使用了这种新技术对样品进行快速、安全的酸消解，在敏感的南极环境中，处理首次成为可能。处理南极西部
On site palynological processing has been completed for the first season of a drilling programme in Antarctica. Microwave digestion was used to dissagregate samples using Hydrofluoric acid in a situation where speed, safety and environmental considerations were critical. The methods described contribute to rapid down-hole analysis for this project, allowing palynology to provide results in as timely a way as other biostratigraphic disciplines. times in Antarctica compared favourably to that of other biostratigraphic diciplines employed on this project. TrAdiTionAl PAlynologicAl Processing Laboratories extract pollen from consolidated rock using variations on the following basic scheme: physically disagregate rock material by crushing; remove carbonates using hot hydrochloric acid (10%) and wash to neutrality using distilled water; remove silicates using hydrofluoric acid (50%) and wash to neutrality using distilled water; remove insoluble fluorides using hydrochloric acid (36%?) and wash to neutrality using distilled water; oxidise organic residue to separate palynomorphs from other, less resistant, organic material. This stage will also remove sulphide mineral matter. Wash to neutrality using distilled water; separate organic matter from mineral matter using a heavy liquid and wash. Selectively isolate preferred size fractions using a combination of sieving and or filtering; mount preferred size residue on a glass slide and cover; detailed summaries of the method and variations are outlined in Wood et. al., (1996). PAlynologicAl Processing in AnTArcTicA In Antarctica, environmental considerations required that processing methods avoid production of large volumes of waste acid and contamination of air with acid fumes. Traditional methods involving relatively large volumes of fuming acids in open beakers did not meet a suitable inTroducTion Microwave technology has opened a new chapter in the history of palynology by permitting sample preparation and on-site palynostratigraphic analyses to be conducted in Antarctica for the first time. Successful palyno-stratigraphic support of the first drilling season of the Cape Roberts Project (CRP) McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica was only possible due to the unique characteristics of this new technology. A palynology processing laboratory, the most southerly in the world to date, was established within the Crary Science and Engineering Center (CSEC) at McMurdo Station, Ross Island. The CRP drill site was located at 77.008°S, 163.755°E, approximately 125 km northwest of McMurdo Station. Helicopters ferried cores from the drill site to McMurdo Station twice a day. Two sampling streams were submitted to the laboratory for processing. Fast-track samples were taken at regular intervals and dispatched to CSEC where they were divided between various biostratigraphic disciplines and processed as a matter of priority to provide timely biostratigraphic input to the drilling programme. As full core arrived at CSEC, subsamples were taken, processed and analysed. An initial report detailing the activies of the drilling season was completed in Antarctica and published within three months after drilling was terminated (Cape Roberts Science Team, 1998). Traditional palynologic processing takes significantly longer than for other biostratigraphic disciplines, consequently, palynology has contributed less to on site drilling decisions. Lengthy processing times as well as the chemical hazard, the need for laboratory space and fume cupboards are some of the reasons why offshore oil rig and shipboard drilling programmes do not generally include palynology processing facilities onboard. In the sensitive Antarctic environment, processing was possible for the first time because of the use of this new technology for the fast and safe acid digestion of samples. Processing West Antarctic