Behavioral effects and pharmacokinetics of low-dose intravenous alcohol in humans
Behavioral effects and pharmacokinetics of low-dose intravenous alcohol in humans
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb04451.x
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发表时间：
1997-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Swift, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Davidson, D;Camara, P;Swift, R
当血液酒精浓度（bac）低至9毫克/分升时，酒精对人体中枢神经系统有生理影响。然而，目前尚不清楚人类是否能感知到如此低剂量酒精的影响。此外，低bac可能难以测量。本实验的目的是：(1)评估人类感知低bac主观效应的能力；(2)测量低bac对精神运动绩效任务的行为影响；(3)测试用于测量皮肤低bac的透皮酒精传感器（TAS）的灵敏度和准确性。5名男性和7名女性进行单盲静脉滴注5%葡萄糖/水乙醇，以达到峰值bac 0,10,20和40mg /dl。使用主观中毒量表和计算机管理的连续表现任务（CPT）来评估酒精的影响。从皮肤、血液和呼吸中估计bac。酒精诱导的感觉在酒精注射期间唯一显著增加的是麻醉，通过酒精感觉量表在BAC曲线的下降肢上测量。酒精的主观正强化刺激和情绪效应直到受试者接受40 mg/dl的酒精输注后才被报道。其他主观中毒和镇静的测量以及CPT不受酒精输注的影响。TAS提供了一种非侵入性的方法来估计BACs，与从血液和呼吸中获得的估计相媲美，尽管时间延迟。
Alcohol has physiological effects on the human central nervous system at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) as low as 9 mg/dl. It is unknown, however, if humans can perceive the effects of such low doses of alcohol. Furthermore, low BACs can be difficult to measure. The purpose of this experiment was to: (1) assess the ability of humans to perceive subjective effects of low BACs; (2) measure behavioral effects of low BACs on a psychomotor performance task; and (3) test the sensitivity and accuracy of the transdermal alcohol sensor (TAS) for measuring low BACs from skin. Five men and seven women were administered single-blind intravenous infusions of ethyl alcohol in 5% dextrose/water to achieve peak BACs of 0, 10, 20, and 40 mg/dl. Subjective intoxication scales and a computer administered continuous performance task (CPT) were used to assess alcohol effects. BACs were estimated from skin, blood, and breath. The only alcohol-induced sensation significantly increased during the alcohol infusions was anesthesia measured by the Alcohol Sensation Scale on the descending limb of the BAC curve. The subjective positive-reinforcing stimulant and mood effects of alcohol were not reported until subjects were administered the 40 mg/dl alcohol infusion. Other measures of subjective intoxication and sedation, and the CPT were unaffected by the alcohol infusions. The TAS provided a noninvasive method for estimating BACs that was comparable with estimates obtained from blood and breath, although delayed in time.