Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change and their implications for terrestrial ecosystems
Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change and their implications for terrestrial ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1039/c8pp90061b
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Flint, Stephan D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bornman, Janet F.;Barnes, Paul W.;Flint, Stephan D.
植物和动物受到紫外线-B辐射（UV-B; 280-315纳米）的影响因平流层臭氧动态和气候变化而改变。尽管平流层臭氧的稳定和预计的恢复预计将减少未来地球表面UV-B辐射的增加，但气候的持续变化使植物和动物越来越多地暴露于UV-B辐射和其他气候变化因素的新组合（例如，紫外线-A和可见光辐射、水的可用性、温度和升高的二氧化碳）。气候变化还改变了植被覆盖、物种的地理范围和发展的季节性时间，这进一步改变了对紫外线B辐射的照射。自我们上次评估以来，人们对植物感知紫外线-B辐射、引起生长、发育和对非生物和生物因素的耐受性变化的基本机制有了更多的了解。然而，关于紫外线-B辐射如何与其他气候变化因素相互作用以改变作物产量和质量以及重要的生态系统过程，如植物和动物竞争、害虫-病原体相互作用和死亡植物物质（枯枝落叶）的分解，仍然存在重大问题。此外，平流层臭氧消耗还直接导致南半球的气候变化，致使该区域的陆地生态系统正受到降水、温度和火灾状况以及紫外线-B辐射模式改变的影响。这些由臭氧驱动的气候变化与南极洲、南美洲和新西兰动植物的生长、存活和繁殖的增加和减少有关。在本次评估中，我们总结了我们对这些和其他联系和影响的认识，并确定了限制我们充分评估这些环境变化对陆地生态系统的生态后果的能力的不确定性和知识差距。
Exposure of plants and animals to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B; 280-315 nm) is modified by stratospheric ozone dynamics and climate change. Even though stabilisation and projected recovery of stratospheric ozone is expected to curtail future increases in UV-B radiation at the Earth's surface, on-going changes in climate are increasingly exposing plants and animals to novel combinations of UV-B radiation and other climate change factors (e.g., ultraviolet-A and visible radiation, water availability, temperature and elevated carbon dioxide). Climate change is also shifting vegetation cover, geographic ranges of species, and seasonal timing of development, which further modifies exposure to UV-B radiation. Since our last assessment, there has been increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which plants perceive UV-B radiation, eliciting changes in growth, development and tolerances of abiotic and biotic factors. However, major questions remain on how UV-B radiation is interacting with other climate change factors to modify the production and quality of crops, as well as important ecosystem processes such as plant and animal competition, pest-pathogen interactions, and the decomposition of dead plant matter (litter). In addition, stratospheric ozone depletion is directly contributing to climate change in the southern hemisphere, such that terrestrial ecosystems in this region are being exposed to altered patterns of precipitation, temperature and fire regimes as well as UV-B radiation. These ozone-driven changes in climate have been implicated in both increases and reductions in the growth, survival and reproduction of plants and animals in Antarctica, South America and New Zealand. In this assessment, we summarise advances in our knowledge of these and other linkages and effects, and identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps that limit our ability to fully evaluate the ecological consequences of these environmental changes on terrestrial ecosystems.