OBSERVATIONS ON PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY IN PHYSICAL LOCATIONS - AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND MONTH EFFECTS
OBSERVATIONS ON PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY IN PHYSICAL LOCATIONS - AGE, GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND MONTH EFFECTS
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DOI：
10.1080/02701367.1993.10608789
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发表时间：
1993-06-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
PUHL, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BARANOWSKI, T;THOMPSON, WO;PUHL, J
按月份、一天中的时间以及年龄、性别和种族，对3岁和4岁儿童在不同的体育活动场所的身体活动水平进行了评估。从早上7点到晚上7点，通过使用儿童活动评定量表（CARS）进行长达12小时的观察来评估身体活动。在一年的时间里，对191名3岁和4岁儿童进行了多达4次的观察。样本包含三个种族。男孩比女孩明显更活跃。在户外的活动始终比在室内更活跃。这个年龄组的儿童在室内和户外所花时间的长短因一年中的不同时间而存在显著差异；男孩和女孩的活动水平因一年中的不同时间而异，尤其是在户外时。一个包含性别、月份和场所等项的模型能够解释75%的身体活动差异。这些数据进一步记录了幼儿身体活动中的性别差异，所采用的测量方法不受自我报告偏差的影响，但没有解释或阐明性别差异。因场所和一年中时间不同而产生的显著差异值得未来关注，但是需要更精细的方法来平衡不同场所和重要季节时间的数据。从这些结果可以推断，鼓励幼儿花更多时间在户外可能会提高他们的活动水平。
The level of physical activity of 3- and 4-year-old children was assessed in alternative physical locations by month and time of day and by age, gender, and ethnicity. Physical activity was assessed by observation with the Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS) for up to 12 hours from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. A sample of 191 three- and four-year-old children was observed for up to four times in the course of a year. The sample was tri-ethnic. Boys were significantly more active than girls. Activity was consistently higher outside than inside. There were significant differences in the amount of time children in this age group spent inside versus outside by time of year; the activity levels of boys and girls differed by time of year, particularly when outside. A model including gender, month, and location terms accounted for 75 % of the variance in physical activity. These data further documented gender differences in physical activity among very young children using measures not subject to self-report biases but did not explain or clarify the gender differences. The substantial differences by physical location and time of year deserve future attention, but more refined methods will be needed to balance data by location and important seasonal times. An inference from these results is that activity levels among young children may be increased by encouraging them to spend more time outdoors.