Transmission of AIDS. The case against casual contagion.
Transmission of AIDS. The case against casual contagion.
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艾滋病的传播。
DOI：
10.1056/nejm198602063140609
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Sande
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sande
认为后天免疫机能丧失综合症（艾滋病）可以通过偶然接触传播的错误信念在一般民众中造成了恐慌，并引起了政治、道德和法律的困境。有人呼吁进行隔离、大规模筛查、将所有抗体阳性人员驱逐出军队，并将受感染的儿童排除在学校之外。现在是医疗专业人员发挥更积极作用的时候了，以平息对艾滋病偶然传播的歇斯底里情绪，并挫败歧视所谓高风险群体的企图。艾滋病病毒通过注射受污染的血液进行性传播，并从母亲垂直传播给胎儿。其他传播方式极为罕见。感染该病毒的最大危险是同性恋和双性恋的男子，他们经常静脉注射毒品，静脉注射受感染的血液制品，以及受感染母亲所生的子女。处于中等风险的是与高风险群体成员发生异性性关系的妇女。其成员极不可能感染艾滋病毒的群体是照顾艾滋病患者的保健工作者和任何偶尔接触艾滋病毒的人（食品处理人员、同事、学童和家庭成员）。根据这些事实，预防艾滋病传播的关键是对所有捐献的血液进行筛查，并进行教育以改变危险的性行为和静脉注射毒品。
The inaccurate belief that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can be transmitted by casual contact has created panic in the general population and raised political ethical and legal dilemmas. There have been calls for quarantine mass screenings expulsion from the military of all antibody-positive personnel and exclusion of infected children from schools. It is time for members of the medical profession to take a more active role in quelling the hysteria over the casual transmission of AIDS and thwarting attempts to discriminate against persons in the so-called high-risk groups. The AIDS virus is spread sexually by the injection of contaminated blood and vertically from mother to fetus. Other modes of transmission are extremely rare. Those at greatest risk of acquiring the virus are men who are homosexually and bisexually active intravenous drug abusers persons receiving infected blood products intravenously and children born of infect mothers. At intermediate risk are women who engage in heterosexual sex with members of high-risk groups. Groups whose members are highly unlikely to acquire the virus are health care workers caring for AIDS patients and anyone who has casual contact with the AIDS virus (food handlers coworkers schoolchildren and family members). On the basis of these facts the keys to preventing transmission of AIDS are the screening of all donated blood and education to modify risky sexual behavior and intravenous drug abuse.