Commemorating Britton Chance.
Commemorating Britton Chance.
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纪念布里顿·钱斯。
DOI：
10.1007/s11307-019-01359-w
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Yodh,ArjunG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li,LinZ;Xu,HeN;Yodh,ArjunG
布里顿机会擅长研究，在一个非常高的水平，在生物化学，生物工程，生物学，生物物理学，化学工程，电气工程，医学和物理学领域[1]。他是生物能量学、氧化还原生物学和体内NMR的先驱，也是体内生物医学光学的创始人。他还在第二次世界大战期间领导了麻省理工学院辐射实验室的雷达系统开发。在实验台上，Chance测量了酶动力学，实验证明了Michaelis-Menten酶-底物复合物的形成，他和同事确定了线粒体呼吸链释放过氧化氢。此外，他还是研究和阐明生物系统中电子隧穿现象的实验先驱。在这段时间里，他和他的同事发明了许多仪器和技术，这些仪器和技术被广泛用于在亚细胞、细胞、组织和器官水平上探测生物学。最后，他是将基本技术转化为临床诊断和治疗策略的领导者。这些仪器和技术包括双波长光谱仪、微型停流装置、氧化还原扫描仪、活体31 P-MRS、时间分辨近红外光谱（NIRS）、光子扩散断层扫描和功能性NIRS。此外，他的一些早期工作包括开发用于求解微分方程的机械计算机，以及第一台通用电子计算机ENIAC的逻辑电路的基本输入。在他的一生中，机会被授予许多荣誉，包括美国国家科学奖章和六个科学院的成员资格，但也许他的1952年奥运会帆船金牌是他最传奇的奖项。他还培养了世界各地的许多学生和研究人员，从而帮助建立了今天的全球研究社区，强调研究创新，生物医学应用和新技术的临床转化。为了庆祝他的生命，时间和遗产，几个研讨会组织并成功地在宾夕法尼亚大学举行，在那里机会花了近80年的研究生涯。这些研讨会是布里顿的机会
Britton Chance excelled in research, at a remarkably high level, in areas spanning biochemistry, bioengineering, biology, biophysics, chemical enginerring, electrical engineering, medicine, and physics [1]. He was a pioneer in bioenergetics, redox biology, and in vivo NMR, and was also a founding father of in vivo biomedical optics. He also led the development of radar system in the Radiation Laboratory of MIT during the World War II. At the bench, Chance measured the enzymatic kinetics, experimentally demonstrated the formation of the Michaelis-Menten enzyme-substrate complex, and he and coworkers identified the release of hydrogen peroxide by mitochondrial respiratory chain. Moreover, he was an experimental pioneer in the study and elucidation of electron-tunneling phenomena in biological systems. Throughout the time, he and his coworkers and colleagues invented many of the instruments and techniques that are widely utilized to probe biology at sub-cellular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. Lastly, he was a leader in the translation of basic technologies to diagnostic and treatment strategies in the clinic. Among these instruments and technologies are the dualwavelength spectrometer, miniature stop-flow devices, the redox scanner, in vivo31P-MRS, time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), photon diffusion tomography, and functional NIRS. Additionally, some of his early work included the development of a mechanical computer for solving differential equations, and the essential input for the construction of logical circuits of the ENIAC, the first general purpose electronic computer. During his life, Chance was awarded many honors including the US National Medal of Science and memberships in six Academies of Science, but perhaps his 1952 Olympic gold medal in sailing was his most legendary award. He also trained many students and researchers all over the world and thus helped build today’s global research community that emphasizes research innovation, biomedical application, and clinical translation of new technologies. To celebrate his life, time, and legacy, several symposia were organized and successfully held at the University of Pennsylvania, where Chance spent nearly eight decades of his research career. These symposia were the Britton Chance