Distribution, source identification and health risk assessment of PFASs and two PFOS alternatives in groundwater from non-industrial areas
Distribution, source identification and health risk assessment of PFASs and two PFOS alternatives in groundwater from non-industrial areas
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非工业区地下水中 PFAS 和两种 PFOS 替代品的分布、来源识别和健康风险评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.039
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Yun Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Changlong Wei;Qing Wang;Xin Song;Xing Chen;Renjun Fan;Da Ding;Yun Liu
尽管已证实全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）具有长距离迁移的能力，但对非工业区地下水中PFASs的研究却很少。本研究分析了14种全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的两种替代品6：2氟调聚物磺酸盐（6：2 FTS）和9-氯十六氟-3-氧杂壬烷-1-磺酸钾（F-53 B）在非工业区的地下水威尔斯井中采集的102个样本中的浓度概况和地理分布。地下水样品中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFASs）的总浓度范围为2.69 - 556 ng/L（平均43.1 ng/L）。短链（C4-C9）PFASs的检出率为62.75- 100%，而长链（> C10）PFASs的检出率低于40%。利用层次聚类分析和斯皮尔曼等级相关分析进行的源识别表明，生活污水和大气沉降可能对非工业区地下水中PFAS的发生有显著贡献，而附近的工业园区可能有一定贡献，但不显著。此外，人类健康风险评估分析显示，非工业区地下水中全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）这两种主要全氟辛烷磺酸成分的健康危害比先前的研究高出一个或两个数量级，但不太可能仅通过饮用水接触途径对居民造成长期危害。
Little research has been carried out for the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater from non-industrial areas, even though it has been proved that PFASs can transport for long distance. In this study, the concentration profiles and geographical distribution of 14 PFASs, including two alternatives of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS) and potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (F-53B), were analyzed in groundwater samples (n= 102) collected from water wells in non-industrial areas. The total concentrations of PFASs (Σ14PFASs) in groundwater samples ranged from 2.69 to 556 ng/L (mean 43.1 ng/L). The detection rates of shorter chain (C4-C9) PFASs were 62.75–100%, higher than those of long chain (> C10) PFASs with detection rates of less than 40%. The source identification using hierarchical cluster analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis suggested that domestic sewage and atmospheric deposition may contribute significantly to the PFAS occurrence in groundwater in non-industrial areas, while the nearby industrial parks may contribute some, but not at a significant level. Furthermore, the human health risk assessment analysis shows that the health hazards associated with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS, two of the main PFAS constituents in groundwater from non-industrial areas, were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those in a previous study, but were unlikely to cause long-term harm to the residents via the drinking water exposure pathway alone.