Isolation and Characterization of Akhmeta Virus from Wild-Caught Rodents (Apodemus spp.) in Georgia
Isolation and Characterization of Akhmeta Virus from Wild-Caught Rodents (Apodemus spp.) in Georgia
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.00966-19
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Nakazawa, Yoshinori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Doty, Jeffrey B.;Maghlakelidze, Giorgi;Nakazawa, Yoshinori
2013年，在格鲁吉亚（国家）Kakheti地区的两名牧民的皮肤病变中检测到一种新型正痘病毒;这种病毒被命名为Akhmeta病毒。随后对这些病例的调查显示，该地区的小型哺乳动物有正痘病毒感染的血清学证据，表明它们参与了这些病毒在自然界的维持。2015年10月，我们开始了一项纵向研究，评估了格鲁吉亚正痘病毒的自然历史。作为这项工作的一部分，我们在Akhmeta（n = 176）和Gudauri（n = 110）附近捕获了小型哺乳动物。在这里，我们描述了Akhmeta病毒的分离和分子特征的病变材料和合并的心脏和肺样本收集从五个木材小鼠（黑线姬鼠和黄颈姬鼠）在这两个地点。从啮齿类动物中获得的Akhmeta病毒基因组分为2个分支：一个分支以从A. uralensis样品和以A.黄颈标本。这些基因组还显示了几个假定的重组事件，基因截短和身份已被检查。重要性阿赫梅塔病毒是一种独特的正痘病毒，于2013年在格鲁吉亚国家被描述。本文首次从啮齿动物（Rodentia）和姬鼠（Apodemus spp.）样品和这些分离物的分子特征。在小型哺乳动物中发现该病毒是了解该病毒自然史及其向人群传播的一个重要组成部分，可以指导格鲁吉亚的公共卫生干预措施。Akhmeta病毒基因组含有证据，表明与其他各种正痘病毒重组;这对正痘病毒的进化、感染哺乳动物宿主的能力以及适应新宿主物种的能力具有影响。
In 2013, a novel orthopoxvirus was detected in skin lesions of two cattle herders from the Kakheti region of Georgia (country); this virus was named Akhmeta virus. Subsequent investigation of these cases revealed that small mammals in the area had serological evidence of orthopoxvirus infections, suggesting their involvement in the maintenance of these viruses in nature. In October 2015, we began a longitudinal study assessing the natural history of orthopoxviruses in Georgia. As part of this effort, we trapped small mammals near Akhmeta (n = 176) and Gudauri (n = 110). Here, we describe the isolation and molecular characterization of Akhmeta virus from lesion material and pooled heart and lung samples collected from five wood mice (Apodemus uralensis and Apodemus flavicollis) in these two locations. The genomes of Akhmeta virus obtained from rodents group into 2 clades: one Glade represented by viruses isolated from A. uralensis samples, and one Glade represented by viruses isolated from A. flavicollis samples. These genomes also display several presumptive recombination events for which gene truncation and identity have been examined.IMPORTANCE Akhmeta virus is a unique Orthopoxvirus that was described in 2013 from the country of Georgia. This paper presents the first isolation of this virus from small mammal (Rodentia; Apodemus spp.) samples and the molecular characterization of those isolates. The identification of the virus in small mammals is an essential component to understanding the natural history of this virus and its transmission to human populations and could guide public health interventions in Georgia. Akhmeta virus genomes harbor evidence suggestive of recombination with a variety of other orthopoxviruses; this has implications for the evolution of orthopoxviruses, their ability to infect mammalian hosts, and their ability to adapt to novel host species.