Current analyses do not resolve whether extra-pair paternity is male or female driven
Current analyses do not resolve whether extra-pair paternity is male or female driven
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DOI：
10.1007/s00265-008-0608-2
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kokko, Hanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eliassen, Sigrunn;Kokko, Hanna
最近的研究质疑间接遗传效应在解释社会一夫一妻制物种中额外配对对雌性的好处方面的重要性。Arnqvist和Kirkpatrick （Am Nat 165:S26-S37, 2005）收集了14种野生鸟类的数据，估计亲代抚育减少的平均直接成本比遗传利益的潜在影响大一个数量级。这项研究引发了关于潜在混杂因素的争论，但似乎尚未达成共识。在这里，我们关注所有个体都面临同样的选择压力这一隐含假设，并认为这一假设在大多数情况下可能过于强烈。我们利用理论模型表明，当雄性提供的资源数量取决于领地质量、其身体状况或其他繁殖机会的前景时，雌性可能会通过改变交配行为来应对这种差异。这些混杂因素可能会导致直接的适应性效应，从而导致父权照顾和父权关系之间的负相关，即使产生额外配对幼崽的雌性获得了净收益。当雄性强烈寻求交配而雌性拒绝交配时，也会产生负相关。我们从这个角度讨论了分析中包括的研究，并得出结论，目前对净选择压力的分析仍然没有提供信息。除了考虑个体和物种之间的平均效应外，我们建议注意个体差异和生态因素（如领地质量和捕食压力）对雌性交配行为的影响。
Recent studies question the importance of indirect genetic effects in explaining female benefits of extra-pair matings in socially monogamous species. Compiling data on 14 wild bird species, Arnqvist and Kirkpatrick (Am Nat 165:S26-S37, 2005) estimated the average direct cost in terms or reduced parental care to be an order of magnitude larger than the potential effect of genetic benefits. This study has sparked a debate regarding potential confounding factors but no consensus appears to have been reached. Here we focus on the implicit assumption that all individuals face the same selective pressures and argue that this assumption is probably too strong in most cases. Using a theoretical model we show that when the amount of resources that a male provides depends on territory quality, his physical condition or prospects for alternative breeding opportunities, a female may respond to such differences by altering her mating behaviour. Such confounding factors may lead to direct fitness effects that result in negative correlations between paternal care and paternity even if females that produce extra-pair young experience a net benefit. Negative correlations can also result when males forcefully seek copulations and females resist them. We discuss the studies included in the analysis in this light, and conclude that current analyses on the net selective pressures remain uninformative. In addition to considering average effects across individuals and species we suggest giving attention to individual differences and the influence of ecological factors such as territory quality and predation pressures on female mating behaviour.