Sex, stress, and epigenetics: regulation of behavior in animal models of mood disorders.
Sex, stress, and epigenetics: regulation of behavior in animal models of mood disorders.
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DOI：
10.1186/2042-6410-4-1
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发表时间：
2013-01-21
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Hodes GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hodes GE
女性患压力相关疾病的几率更高，包括抑郁症和广泛性焦虑症，而表观遗传机制可能导致了这种性别差异。来自临床前研究的证据表明，表观遗传机制负责大脑区域的两性二态性和应激反应的敏感性。表观遗传修饰如DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰可以发生代际、发育或对环境刺激（如应激暴露）的反应。这篇综述将提供在中枢神经系统中观察到的各种形式的表观遗传修饰的概述，并将解释这些机制如何促成两性二态脑。它还将讨论表观遗传改变与一生中对压力的行为反应相一致的方式，以及在功能上做出贡献的方式。最后，本文将重点介绍利用动物模型研究影响应激易感性的表观遗传机制的性别差异的新研究。对这种关系的探索揭示了表观遗传机制，有可能解释应激相关疾病发生中的两性二态现象。
Women have a higher incidence of stress related disorders including depression and generalized anxiety disorder, and epigenetic mechanisms likely contribute to this sex difference. Evidence from preclinical research suggests that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for both sexual dimorphism of brain regions and sensitivity of the stress response. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications can occur transgenerationally, developmentally, or in response to environmental stimuli such as stress exposure. This review will provide an overview of the various forms of epigenetic modifications observed in the central nervous system and will explain how these mechanisms contribute to a sexually dimorphic brain. It will also discuss the ways in which epigenetic alterations coincide with, and functionally contribute to, the behavioral response to stress across the lifespan. Ultimately, this review will focus on novel research utilizing animal models to investigate sex differences in epigenetic mechanisms that influence susceptibility to stress. Exploration of this relationship reveals epigenetic mechanisms with the potential to explain sexual dimorphism in the occurrence of stress related disorders.