Mechanisms of Ras Membrane Organization and Signaling: Ras Rocks Again.

Mechanisms of Ras Membrane Organization and Signaling: Ras Rocks Again.
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DOI:
10.3390/biom10111522
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发表时间:
2020-11-06
期刊:
影响因子:
5.5
通讯作者:
Gorfe AA
Gorfe AA
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Abankwa D;Gorfe AA

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Ras 是最常突变的癌基因,最近的药物开发工作激发了新的研究兴趣。在这里,我们回顾了理解 Ras 如何在质膜上的纳米级蛋白-脂质信号复合物(称为纳米簇)中发挥作用的进展。我们讨论了 G 结构域重新定向如何与 Ras 纳米簇和二聚化相关。然后我们研究这些机械特征如何在 Ras 参与和激活 RAF 中进行协作。此外,我们展示了如何将这种结构信息与在细胞生物实验中提供纳米级分辨率的显微镜数据相结合。综合现有数据,我们建议区分两种类型的 Ras 纳米团簇,一种是活性、固定的 RAF 依赖型,另一种是非活性/中性膜锚依赖型。我们得出的结论是,当整个 Ras/RAF 复合物转变为活性状态时,Ras 重新定向可能会实现动态 Ras 二聚化。 Ras 的这些瞬时二聚体/寡聚体界面可能适合药物干预。最后,我们强调了一些悬而未决的问题,包括是否所有效应器都形成活性纳米簇以及是否存在 Ras 纳米簇的亚型特定组成。
Ras is the most frequently mutated oncogene and recent drug development efforts have spurred significant new research interest. Here we review progress toward understanding how Ras functions in nanoscale, proteo-lipid signaling complexes on the plasma membrane, called nanoclusters. We discuss how G-domain reorientation is plausibly linked to Ras-nanoclustering and -dimerization. We then look at how these mechanistic features could cooperate in the engagement and activation of RAF by Ras. Moreover, we show how this structural information can be integrated with microscopy data that provide nanoscale resolution in cell biological experiments. Synthesizing the available data, we propose to distinguish between two types of Ras nanoclusters, an active, immobile RAF-dependent type and an inactive/neutral membrane anchor-dependent. We conclude that it is possible that Ras reorientation enables dynamic Ras dimerization while the whole Ras/RAF complex transits into an active state. These transient di/oligomer interfaces of Ras may be amenable to pharmacological intervention. We close by highlighting a number of open questions including whether all effectors form active nanoclusters and whether there is an isoform specific composition of Ras nanocluster.
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