Normative Changes in Interests From Adolescence to Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Normative Changes in Interests From Adolescence to Adulthood: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/bul0000140
复制
发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Rounds, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoff, Kevin A.;Briley, Daniel A.;Rounds, James
职业兴趣预测各种重要的结果，是心理学和教育学中应用最广泛的个体差异结构之一。尽管有90多年的研究，但人们对兴趣的纵向发展知之甚少。在这项元分析中，作者调查了青春期和青春期兴趣的正常变化。从49项纵向研究中汇总了影响大小，这些研究报告了职业兴趣的平均水平变化，总共包含98个样本和20639名参与者。随机效应元分析回归模型被用来评估与年龄相关的变化和荷兰(1959,1997)RIASEC类别和复合维度(人、物、数据和想法)的性别差异。结果表明，平均水平的兴趣分数通常随着年龄的增长而增加，但影响的大小在兴趣类别和发展阶段之间有所不同。青春期被定义为两种广泛的变化模式：兴趣分数通常在青春期早期下降，但随后在青春期后期上升。在青壮年，人们和事物的取向发生了最显著的变化。涉及人的兴趣倾向于增加(艺术、社交和进取)，而涉及事物的兴趣要么减少(常规)，要么保持不变(现实的和调查的)。与职业陈规定型观念相关的性别差异在青春期早期达到一生的顶峰，然后在随后的所有年龄段趋于减少。总体而言，研究结果表明，从青春期到成年期的职业兴趣存在规范性变化，这对发展理论和兴趣的应用具有重要意义。
Vocational interests predict a variety of important outcomes and are among the most widely applied individual difference constructs in psychology and education. Despite over 90 years of research, little is known about the longitudinal development of interests. In this meta-analysis, the authors investigate normative changes in interests through adolescence and young adulthood. Effect sizes were aggregated from 49 longitudinal studies reporting mean-level changes in vocational interests, containing 98 total samples and 20,639 participants. Random effects meta-analytic regression models were used to assess age-related changes and gender differences across Holland's (1959, 1997) RIASEC categories and composite dimensions (people, things, data, and ideas). Results showed that mean-level interest scores generally increase with age, but effect sizes varied across interest categories and developmental periods. Adolescence was defined by two broad patterns of change: interest scores generally decreased during early adolescence, but then increased during late adolescence. During young adulthood, the most striking changes were found across the people and things orientations. Interests involving people tended to increase (artistic, social, and enterprising), whereas interests involving things either decreased (conventional) or remained constant (realistic and investigative). Gender differences associated with occupational stereotypes reached a lifetime peak during early adolescence, then tended to decrease in all subsequent age periods. Overall findings suggest there are normative changes in vocational interests from adolescence to adulthood, with important implications for developmental theories and the applied use of interests.