Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements
Emotional Expressions Reconsidered: Challenges to Inferring Emotion From Human Facial Movements
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DOI：
10.1177/1529100619832930
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发表时间：
2019-07-01
影响因子：
25.4
通讯作者：
Pollak, Seth D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrett, Lisa Feldman;Adolphs, Ralph;Pollak, Seth D.
人们通常认为，一个人的情绪状态可以很容易地从他或她的面部运动中推断出来，通常称为情绪表情或面部表情。这一假设影响了法律的判断、政策决定、国家安全协议和教育实践;指导了精神疾病的诊断和治疗，以及商业应用的开发;并渗透到日常社会互动以及人工智能、神经科学和计算机视觉等其他科学领域的研究中。在这篇文章中，我们调查了这个普遍假设的例子，我们称之为共同观点，然后我们研究了测试这一观点的科学证据，重点是情绪研究消费者使用的六种最流行的情绪类别：愤怒，厌恶，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊讶。现有的科学证据表明，人们有时会在高兴时微笑，悲伤时皱眉，生气时皱眉，等等，正如普遍观点所提出的那样，比偶然预期的要多。然而，人们如何沟通愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、快乐、悲伤和惊讶，在不同的文化、不同的情况下，甚至在同一种情况下，人们的沟通方式也有很大的不同。此外，相似的面部运动结构也可以表达不止一种情绪类别的实例。事实上，一个特定的面部动作，比如皱眉，通常传达的不仅仅是一种情绪状态。科学家们一致认为，面部动作传达了一系列信息，对社会沟通、情感或其他方面都很重要。但我们的评论表明，迫切需要研究人们如何在构成日常生活的各种背景下实际移动面部来表达情感和其他社会信息，以及仔细研究人们感知彼此情绪的机制。我们提出了具体的研究建议，这将产生一个更有效的图片，人们如何移动他们的脸来表达情绪，以及他们如何从日常生活中的面部运动推断情感意义。这项研究是至关重要的，以提供消费者的情绪研究与翻译信息，他们需要的。
It is commonly assumed that a person's emotional state can be readily inferred from his or her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This assumption influences legal judgments, policy decisions, national security protocols, and educational practices; guides the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric illness, as well as the development of commercial applications; and pervades everyday social interactions as well as research in other scientific fields such as artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and computer vision. In this article, we survey examples of this widespread assumption, which we refer to as the common view, and we then examine the scientific evidence that tests this view, focusing on the six most popular emotion categories used by consumers of emotion research: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. The available scientific evidence suggests that people do sometimes smile when happy, frown when sad, scowl when angry, and so on, as proposed by the common view, more than what would be expected by chance. Yet how people communicate anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise varies substantially across cultures, situations, and even across people within a single situation. Furthermore, similar configurations of facial movements variably express instances of more than one emotion category. In fact, a given configuration of facial movements, such as a scowl, often communicates something other than an emotional state. Scientists agree that facial movements convey a range of information and are important for social communication, emotional or otherwise. But our review suggests an urgent need for research that examines how people actually move their faces to express emotions and other social information in the variety of contexts that make up everyday life, as well as careful study of the mechanisms by which people perceive instances of emotion in one another. We make specific research recommendations that will yield a more valid picture of how people move their faces to express emotions and how they infer emotional meaning from facial movements in situations of everyday life. This research is crucial to provide consumers of emotion research with the translational information they require.