Genomics-assisted breeding in fruit trees.
Genomics-assisted breeding in fruit trees.
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DOI：
10.1270/jsbbs.66.100
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Hayashi T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Iwata H;Minamikawa MF;Kajiya-Kanegae H;Ishimori M;Hayashi T
基因组分析技术的最新进展为提高植物育种效率开辟了新的途径。基于基因组学的植物育种和遗传学研究新方法，如全基因组关联研究（GWAS）和基因组选择（GS），是有用的，特别是在果树育种。果树的育种受到其世代时间长、植株大、幼年期长以及必须等待植物的生理成熟来评估可销售的产品（果实）的阻碍。在这篇文章中，我们描述了基因组辅助育种的潜力，它使用这些新的基因组为基础的方法，突破这些障碍，在传统的果树育种。本文首先介绍了果树分子标记系统和果树全基因组序列数据。接下来，我们将介绍双亲连锁和数量性状位点（QTL）定位以及GWAS和GS的统计方法。然后，我们回顾了QTL定位，GWAS和GS研究果树进行。我们还回顾了快速发电发展的新技术。最后，对基因组辅助果树育种的前景和育种中需要克服的问题进行了展望。
Recent advancements in genomic analysis technologies have opened up new avenues to promote the efficiency of plant breeding. Novel genomics-based approaches for plant breeding and genetics research, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), are useful, especially in fruit tree breeding. The breeding of fruit trees is hindered by their long generation time, large plant size, long juvenile phase, and the necessity to wait for the physiological maturity of the plant to assess the marketable product (fruit). In this article, we describe the potential of genomics-assisted breeding, which uses these novel genomics-based approaches, to break through these barriers in conventional fruit tree breeding. We first introduce the molecular marker systems and whole-genome sequence data that are available for fruit tree breeding. Next we introduce the statistical methods for biparental linkage and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping as well as GWAS and GS. We then review QTL mapping, GWAS, and GS studies conducted on fruit trees. We also review novel technologies for rapid generation advancement. Finally, we note the future prospects of genomics-assisted fruit tree breeding and problems that need to be overcome in the breeding.