Echolocation range and wingbeat period match in aerial-hawking bats
Echolocation range and wingbeat period match in aerial-hawking bats
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2003.2487
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发表时间：
2003-11-07
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
von Helversen, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holderied, MW;von Helversen, O
在空中搜寻猎物的鹰蝠面临着这样一个问题：飞行和回声定位对叫声间隔产生独立的、可能相互冲突的影响。这些蝙蝠只有在前一次叫声的所有回声都到达时才能发出下一次叫声，才能毫无疑问地利用它们的整个回声定位范围。但是，并非每个呼叫间隔都同样可用。为了降低回声定位的高能量成本，空中鹰蝠不得不将叫声发射与它们的翼拍结合起来。我们比较了第一空中鹰蝙蝠物种的wingbeat周期与延迟的最后预期的回声。声学飞行路径跟踪被用来测量回声定位呼叫的源级（SL）。SL非常高，将已知范围扩展到133 dB峰值等效声压级。我们计算了昆虫，较大的飞行物体和背景目标的最大检测距离。翼拍周期是从叫声间隔中推导出来的。事实上，小型和中型蝙蝠的最大探测范围与昆虫和较大的飞行目标相匹配。跳过呼叫的倾向与物种对背景目标的检测范围相关。我们认为，物种的叫声频率如此之高，以至于产生的检测范围与它们的翼拍周期相匹配。
Aerial-hawking bats searching the sky for prey face the problem that flight and echolocation exert independent and possibly conflicting influences on call intervals. These bats can only exploit their full echolocation range unambiguously if they emit their next call when all echoes from the preceding call would have arrived. However, not every call interval is equally available. The need to reduce the high energetic costs of echolocation forces aerial-hawking bats to couple call emission to their wingbeat. We compared the wingbeat periods of I I aerial-hawking bat species with the delays of the last-expected echoes. Acoustic flight-path tracking was employed to measure the source levels (SLs) of echolocation calls in the field. SLs were very high, extending the known range to 133 dB peak equivalent sound pressure level. We calculated the maximum detection distances for insects, larger flying objects and background targets. Wingbeat periods were derived from call intervals. Small and medium-sized bats in fact matched their maximum detection range for insects and larger flying targets to their wingbeat period. The tendency to skip calls correlated with the species' detection range for background targets. We argue that a species' call frequency is at such a pitch that the resulting detection range matches their wingbeat period.