Governance Matters V: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators for 1996-2005

Governance Matters V: Aggregate and Individual Governance Indicators for 1996-2005
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治理问题五：1996-2005 年总体和个人治理指标

DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Massimo Mastruzzi
Massimo Mastruzzi
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel A. Kaufmann;Aart C. Kraay;Massimo Mastruzzi

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作者报告了最新版本的全球治理指标，涵盖了213个国家和地区，并衡量了从1996年到2005年底的六个治理维度：发言权和问责制、政治稳定和没有暴力、政府效率、监管质量、法治和腐败控制。最新的指标基于数百个变量，反映了全球数千名公民和公司受访者以及专家的观点。虽然在1996-2005年期间，全球治理的平均水平没有显示出明显的趋势，但近三分之一的国家在治理的至少一个方面表现出显著的变化（或好或坏）。三个新特性使这次更新与众不同。(1)作者已经转向治理评估的年度报告。这一更新包括2003年和2005年新的治理估计，以及对1996-2004年两年一次的历史数据的小幅向后修订。(2)作者首次发布了基于总体治理指标的几乎所有数据源的治理度量。提供作为综合治理指标基础的个人数据源的目的是进一步提高方法和由此产生的综合指标的透明度，并帮助数据用户和政策制定者确定个别国家的具体治理挑战。(3)作者提出了关于治理专家评估可靠性的新证据，这些评估与调查反馈一起构成了治理总体衡量的一部分。
The authors report on the latest version of the worldwide governance indicators, covering 213 countries and territories and measuring six dimensions of governance from 1996 until end-2005: voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. The latest indicators are based on hundreds of variables and reflect the views of thousands of citizen and firm survey respondents and experts worldwide. Although global averages of governance display no marked trends during 1996-2005, nearly one-third of countries exhibit significant changes [for better or for worse]on at least one dimension of governance. Three new features distinguish this update. (1) The authors have moved to annual reporting of governance estimates. This update includes new governance estimates for 2003 and 2005, as well as minor backward revisions to biannual historical data for 1996-2004. (2) The authors are, for the first time, publishing the individual measures of governance from virtually every data source underlying the aggregate governance indicators. The ready availability of the individual data sources underlying the aggregate governance indicators is aimed at further enhancing the transparency of the methodology and of the resulting aggregate indicators, as well as helping data users and policymakers identify specific governance challenges in individual countries. (3) The authors present new evidence on the reliability of expert assessments of governance which, alongside survey responses, form part of the aggregate measures of governance.