Transdermal nicotine-induced tobacco abstinence symptom suppression: Nicotine dose and smokers' gender
Transdermal nicotine-induced tobacco abstinence symptom suppression: Nicotine dose and smokers' gender
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DOI：
10.1037/1064-1297.14.2.121
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Eissenberg, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans, Sarah E.;Blank, Melissa;Eissenberg, Thomas
一种令人厌恶的烟草戒断综合症，被认为反映了一种潜在的尼古丁依赖程度，导致吸烟者戒烟失败。尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）抑制烟草戒断，但高复发率表明改进的空间。提高NRT的疗效可能从确定影响戒烟症状抑制的因素开始。其中两个因素是吸烟者的性别和NRT剂量。本研究的目的是确定透皮尼古丁（TN）对75名经常吸烟但戒烟至少8-12小时的男性和53名女性的烟草戒断症状的剂量相关影响。参与者完成了4个双盲，随机6.5小时的实验，不同的TN剂量（0、7、21或42 mg）。每个疗程包括血浆尼古丁水平的血液采样，心率测量，参与者对戒烟症状和尼古丁影响的评分，以及精神运动表现。血浆尼古丁水平升高与TN剂量有关，与性别无关。tn诱导的戒断症状抑制在评估吸烟渴望和冲动的项目中与剂量相关，在很大程度上与性别无关。TN以剂量相关的方式增加心率和不良副作用评级（例如，恶心，头晕），并且女性对高剂量更敏感。这项实验室研究的结果支持继续使用TN作为药物治疗。高剂量可能会改善一些禁欲症状，尽管副作用，至少在短期内，可能会限制效果，特别是对女性。
An aversive tobacco abstinence syndrome, thought to reflect an underlying level of nicotine dependence, contributes to cigarette smokers' failed quit attempts. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) suppresses tobacco abstinence, but high relapse rates suggest room for improvement. Improving NRT's efficacy might begin with identifying factors that influence tobacco abstinence symptom suppression. Two such factors are smokers' gender and NRT dose. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose-related effects of transdermal nicotine (TN) on tobacco abstinence symptoms in 75 men and 53 women who regularly smoked cigarettes but who had abstained from smoking for at least 8-12 hr. Participants completed 4 double-blind, randomized 6.5-hr laboratory sessions that differed by TN dose (0, 7, 21, or 42 mg). Each session included blood sampling for plasma nicotine level, measurement of heart rate, participants' ratings of tobacco abstinence symptoms and effects of nicotine, and psychomotor performance. Increases in plasma nicotine level were related to TN dose and were independent of gender. TN-induced abstinence symptom suppression was dose-related for items assessing craving and urge to smoke and largely was independent of gender. TN increased heart rate and ratings of aversive side effects (e.g., nausea, light-headedness) in a dose-related manner, and women were more sensitive at higher doses. Results from this laboratory study support the continued use of TN as a pharmacotherapy. Higher doses may ameliorate some abstinence symptoms, although the side effect profile, at least in the short term, may limit effectiveness, especially for women.