How do self-interest and other-need interact in the brain to determine altruistic behavior?
How do self-interest and other-need interact in the brain to determine altruistic behavior?
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自我利益和他人需要如何在大脑中相互作用来决定利他行为？
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.040
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发表时间：
2017-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Zhou, Xiaolin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Jie;Li, Yue;Zhou, Xiaolin
利他行为，即，以牺牲自己为代价来促进他人的福利，是通过在广泛的大脑区域中代表的各种社会、情感和经济因素的整合来实现的。然而，目前还不清楚不同的区域如何相互作用，以处理/整合信息的帮助者的兴趣和收件人的需要时，决定是否表现出利他主义。在这里，我们结合了一个互动游戏功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）来表征神经网络的处理/整合的自我利益和其他需要。在行为水平上，高自我风险会减少助人行为，高他人需要会增加助人行为。在神经元水平上，内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）和右背外侧前额叶皮层（rDLPFC）的活动与自我风险水平呈正相关，而右下顶叶（rIPL）和rDLPFC的活动与他人需要水平呈负相关。动态因果模型进一步表明，MPFC和rIPL均与rDLPFC存在外显连接，高自我风险增强了MPFC与rDLPFC的有效连接，他人需要对rIPL与rDLPFC连接的调节作用与他人需要对个体求助率的调节作用呈正相关。两个tDCS实验提供了因果关系的证据，rDLPFC影响自我利益和其他需要的关注，和rIPL选择性地影响其他需要的关注。这些研究结果表明，在利他决策的MPFC-IPL-DLPFC网络的关键作用，与rDLPFC作为一个中心节点，整合和调节有关自身利益和其他需要的动机。
Altruistic behavior, i.e., promoting the welfare of others at a cost to oneself, is subserved by the integration of various social, affective, and economic factors represented in extensive brain regions. However, it is unclear how different regions interact to process/integrate information regarding the helper's interest and recipient's need when deciding whether to behave altruistically. Here we combined an interactive game with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to characterize the neural network underlying the processing/integration of self-interest and other-need. At the behavioral level, high self-risk decreased helping behavior and high other-need increased helping behavior. At the neural level, activity in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) were positively associated with self-risk levels, and activity in right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL) and rDLPFC were negatively associated with other-need levels. Dynamic causal modeling further suggested that both MPFC and rIPL were extrinsically connected to rDLPFC; high self-risk enhanced the effective connectivity from MPFC to rDLPFC, and the modulatory effect of other-need on the connectivity from rIPL to rDLPFC positively correlated with the modulatory effect of other-need on individuals' helping rate. Two tDCS experiments provided causal evidence that rDLPFC affects both self-interest and other-need concerns, and rIPL selectively affects the other-need concerns. These findings suggest a crucial role of the MPFC-IPL-DLPFC network during altruistic decision-making, with rDLPFC as a central node for integrating and modulating motives regarding self-interest and other-need.