UNEMPLOYMENT AND WORK INTERRUPTION AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN SINGLE MOTHERS - EFFECTS ON PARENTING AND ADOLESCENT SOCIOEMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING
UNEMPLOYMENT AND WORK INTERRUPTION AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN SINGLE MOTHERS - EFFECTS ON PARENTING AND ADOLESCENT SOCIOEMOTIONAL FUNCTIONING
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.1994.tb00769.x
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发表时间：
1994-04-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
BORQUEZ, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MCLOYD, VC;JAYARATNE, TE;BORQUEZ, J
这项研究使用了来自241位非裔美国母亲及其七年级和八年级儿童样本的访谈数据，该研究测试了一种模型，介绍了2种经济压力，孕产妇失业和工作中断，影响青少年的社会情感功能。通常，这些经济压力源影响了青少年社会情感功能，而不是直接通过对母亲的心理功能以及育儿行为和母子关系的影响而直接影响。目前的失业率，但没有过去的工作中断，对母亲的抑郁症状有直接影响。正如预期的那样，母亲的抑郁症状会预测对青少年的孕产妇惩罚更加频繁，并且这种关系完全由母亲对母性角色的负面看法完全介导。更频繁的产妇惩罚与青少年的认知困扰和抑郁症状有关，并且与预测一致，这些关系部分是由青少年对与母亲关系质量的看法所介导的。母亲所感知的工具支持的可用性增加，预测母亲的抑郁症状较少，对青少年的惩罚较少，对母性角色的消极情绪较小。两种经济压力源都与母亲的感知金额更高有关，这反过来又预测了青少年对经济困难的看法。认为自己的家人经历更严重的经济困难的青少年报告说，焦虑症更高，认知困扰和自尊心较低。
Using interview data from a sample of 241 single African American mothers and their seventh- and eighth-grade children, this study tests a model of how 2 economic stressors, maternal unemployment and work interruption, influence adolescent socioemotional functioning. In general, these economic stressors affected adolescent socioemotional functioning indirectly, rather than directly, through their impact on mothers' psychological functioning and, in turn, parenting behavior and mother-child relations. Current unemployment, but not past work interruption, had a direct effect on depressive symptomatology in mothers. As expected, depressive symptomatology in mothers predicted more frequent maternal punishment of adolescents, and this relation was fully mediated by mothers' negative perceptions of the maternal role. More frequent maternal punishment was associated with increased cognitive distress and depressive symptoms in adolescents, and consistent with predictions, these relations were partially mediated by adolescents' perceptions of the quality of relations with their mothers. Increased availability of instrumental support, as perceived by mothers, predicted fewer depressive symptoms in mothers, less punishment of adolescents, and less negativity about the maternal role. Both economic stressors were associated with higher levels of perceived financial strain in mothers, which in turn predicted adolescents' perceptions of economic hardship. Adolescents who perceived their families as experiencing more severe economic hardship reported higher anxiety, more cognitive distress, and lower self-esteem.