Metamemory in a familiar place: The effects of environmental context on feeling of knowing.
Metamemory in a familiar place: The effects of environmental context on feeling of knowing.
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000292
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发表时间：
2017-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Macken B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hanczakowski M;Zawadzka K;Collie H;Macken B
知感（FOK）判断是对当前无法获取的信息未来可识别性的判断。众所周知，它们既取决于对检索目标的部分信息的访问，也取决于用作记忆探针的线索的熟悉程度。在本研究中，我们评估了 FOK 的判断是否也会受到做出这些判断的偶然环境背景的影响。为此，我们在用于研究 FOK 判断的程序中研究了先前在识别记忆研究中记录的两种现象——情境熟悉效应和情境恢复效应。在两项实验中，我们发现 FOK 判断在熟悉的环境背景下会增加。两个实验的结果进一步揭示了在与线索及其相关目标的编码上下文相匹配的环境上下文中做出的 FOK 判断仍然更高。情境熟悉度对 FOK 判断的影响与对不成功的记忆搜索的延迟的影响是平行的，但情境恢复的影响则不然。重要的是，在恢复和熟悉的环境中认知感的提高并没有伴随着这些判断的准确性的提高。总之，这些结果表明，元认知过程是由检索时访问的记忆信息总量决定的，无论这些记忆信息是否与线索、目标或记忆发生的上下文相关。
Feeling-of-knowing (FOK) judgments are judgments of future recognizability of currently inaccessible information. They are known to depend both on the access to partial information about a target of retrieval and on the familiarity of the cue that is used as a memory probe. In the present study we assessed whether FOK judgments could also be shaped by incidental environmental context in which these judgments are made. To this end, we investigated 2 phenomena previously documented in studies on recognition memory—a context familiarity effect and a context reinstatement effect—in the procedure used to investigate FOK judgments. In 2 experiments, we found that FOK judgments increase in the presence of a familiar environmental context. The results of both experiments further revealed still higher FOK judgments when made in the presence of environmental context matching the encoding context of both cue and its associated target. The effect of context familiarity on FOK judgment was paralleled by an effect on the latencies of an unsuccessful memory search, but the effect of context reinstatement was not. Importantly, the elevated feeling of knowing in reinstated and familiar contexts was not accompanied by an increase in the accuracy of those judgments. Together, these results demonstrate that metacognitive processes are shaped by the overall volume of memory information accessed at retrieval, independently of whether this memory information is related to a cue, a target, or a context in which remembering takes place.