Transnational Older Adults and Their Families
Transnational Older Adults and Their Families
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跨国老年人及其家庭
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Treas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Treas
摘要：这项定性研究探讨了国际移民模式和老年人的家庭生活。受访者（N = 54）报告说，他们来到美国是为了帮助成年子女做家务、照顾孩子和节省家庭开支。他们描述了他们如何战略性地遵守美国移民法，选择访问、移民或入籍，以平衡与美国和祖国的关系。他们的跨国忠诚有时会导致他们的生活与他们的签证类别不严格相符。其中有“永久”临时访客、在其他地方拥有“永久”住所的美国永久居民，以及为了在国外度过更多时间而入籍的美国公民。讨论了调查结果对移民政策和家庭实践的影响。关键词：家庭照顾、移民家庭、代际关系、老年人、跨国。本文的目的是在有争议的公共政策背景下研究老年人的移民模式与其跨国家庭生活的关系。我们有兴趣了解，面对移民法，老年人如何维持跨国忠诚度和生活方式，移民法假定忠诚度很高，并为各国之间的旅行带来了各种障碍。由于根据移民法的“家庭团聚”条款，老年人可以在美国获得永久居留权，因此我们还想了解老年人、跨国成年人在美国移民家庭中所扮演的角色。老年人如何利用美国法律来维持两国之间的承诺和联系？他们如何为移民家庭中年轻成员的福祉做出贡献？生命历程理论为这一分析提供了依据，并提供了一个框架来检验老年人在安排与跨国界亲密他人的生活方面的作用。本文对外国出生的老年人进行定性访谈，研究他们的跨国经历，包括他们探望家人、移民或成为美国公民的原因。我们还调查了美国老年人的护理活动如何服务于他们的子孙。理论视角和相关研究生命历程理论为分析对家园有着持久依恋的老年人如何“实现”家庭团聚提供了理论视角。生命历程的重点不仅认识到老年移民生活中与年龄相关的方面（个人时间），而且认识到他们的经历与家庭成员的经历（家庭时间）以及当代社会背景（历史时间）的相互作用（Hareven，1994）。研究设计、分析和解释受到生命历程角度的四个敏感概念的影响（Elder，1994）。首先，个人生活与历史变迁和社会背景相互作用的原则提供了对老年移民经历的洞察。因此，美国老年人及其移民子女的团聚可以被视为当代移民法创造的独特历史机遇的产物（Treas & Batalova，出版中）。然而，家庭不仅生活在特定的历史时期，而且生活在社会背景中。跨国挑战是移民的生活和忠诚超越了单一地点（Basch、Schiller 和 Blanc，1994），东道国社会和祖国的社会背景塑造了他们的经历和行为。其次，生命历程中的时机对于移民融入等结果非常重要。老年人跨国承诺的强度很大程度上取决于他们的移民时机。由于在另一个地方度过了一生，老年移民并没有像儿童或年轻人那样完全融入美国社会（Stevens，1999；Treas & Mazumdar，2002）。 ……
Abstract: This qualitative study explores the international migration patterns and the family lives of older adults. Informants (N = 54) reported that they came to the United States to help out their grown children with housekeeping, child care, and domestic economizing. They described how they strategically navigated U.S. immigration laws choosing to visit, immigrate, or naturalize in order to balance their ties to the United States and their homeland. Their transnational loyalties sometimes led to lives that did not strictly match their visa categories. There were "permanent" temporary visitors, U.S. permanent residents who maintained a "permanent" home elsewhere, and U.S. citizens who had naturalized in order to spend more time abroad. Implications of the findings for immigration policy and family practice are discussed. Key Words: family caregiving, immigrant families, intergenerational relations, older adults, transnational. The purpose of this article was to examine the rela- tionship of older adults' immigration patterns and their transnational family lives in the context of con- tested public policies. We were interested in learning how older people sustained transnational loyalties and lifestyles in the face of immigration laws that presume undivided allegiance and present various obstacles to travel between countries. Because older adults are admitted to permanent residence in the United States under the "family reunification" pro- visions of immigration law, we also wanted to understand the part that older, transnational adults play in America's immigrant families. How did older adults navigate U.S. laws to maintain commit- ments and connections in two countries? How did they contribute to the well-being of the younger members in immigrant families? Life course theory informed this analysis and offered a framework for examining the agency of older adults in orchestrat- ing lives linked to intimate others across national borders. This article drew on qualitative interviews with foreign-born older adults to examine their transnational experience, including the reasons why they visited family members, immigrated, or became U.S. citizens. We also investigated how older adults' caregiving activities served their children and grandchildren in the United States. Theoretical Perspective and Related Research Life course theory offers a theoretical lens for analyzing how older adults - with lasting attachments to a homeland - "do" family reunification. The life course emphasis recognizes not merely the age-related aspects of older immigrants' lives (individual time) but also the interplay of their experiences with those of family members (family time) and with the contemporary social context (historical time) (Hareven, 1994). The research design, analysis, and interpretation were influenced by four sensitizing concepts from the life course perspective (Elder, 1994). First, the tenet that individual lives interact with historical change and within social context offers insight into older immigrants' experiences. Thus, the reunification of older adults and their immigrant children in the United States can be seen as the product of the unique historical opportunities created by contemporary immigration law (Treas & Batalova, in press). Families, however, live not only in particular historical epochs but also within social contexts. The transnational challenge is that immigrants' lives and loyalties transcend a single place (Basch, Schiller, & Blanc, 1994), with the social contexts in both their host society and their homeland shaping their experiences and actions. Second, timing in the life course is highly salient for outcomes such as immigrant incorporation. The strength of older adults' transnational commitments owes much to the timing of their immigration. Having spent their lives in another place, older immigrants do not become as fully integrated into American society as those who arrive as children or young adults (Stevens, 1999; Treas & Mazumdar, 2002). …
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Moon, A;Lubben, JE;Villa, V
通讯作者：
Villa, V
DOI：
10.1093/geronb/57.2.s79
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Becker,Gay
通讯作者：
Becker,Gay