Recent Progress of Metal Carbides Encapsulated in Carbon‐Based Materials for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Recent Progress of Metal Carbides Encapsulated in Carbon‐Based Materials for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction Reaction
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碳基材料包覆金属碳化物电催化氧还原反应研究进展

DOI:
10.1002/smtd.201900575
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
12.4
通讯作者:
Lee Jong‐Min
Lee Jong‐Min
中科院分区:
材料科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yan Xiang‐Hui;Prabhu P;Xu Hao;Meng Ziwei;Xue Tong;Lee Jong‐Min

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燃料电池是最适合的能源转换方式,能够解决能源危机和环境污染问题。近年来,作为一种非贵金属催化剂,MC@N-C(M=Fe,Co,Ni,Mo,W),特别是对于包裹在碳层中的Fe3C(记为Fe3C@N-C)催化剂,在氧还原反应(ORR)中有望取代昂贵的铂基催化剂。本文着重介绍了增强电催化活性和耐久性的合成方法,如硬模板、软模板和无模板方法,并对合成方法和催化性能进行了比较,指出了ORR测量和活性比较中存在的问题。此外,还包括对建议的活性部位和相应的ORR机制的理解。最近的进展揭示了活性中心的形态、分级孔结构、密度和分散度的贡献,以及多个活性中心的协同作用,这些都赋予了Fe3C@N-C电催化剂更好的ORR性能。这些有趣的效果是由于增加了活性中心对O2分子的暴露和可访问性,更快的电荷和质量转移,最后是碳壳对活性中心的保护。最后,讨论了进一步提高Fe3C@N-C性能的挑战和前景。
Fuel cells represent the most suitable energy conversion, capable of.addressing energy crises and environmental pollution. Recently, as one of.nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMCs), the MC@N-C (M = Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, W).catalysts, especially for Fe3C encased in carbon layer (denoted as Fe3C@N-C).have emerged as promising replacements for costly Pt-based catalysts for.oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This review highlights the synthetic strategies.undertaken such as hard template, soft template, and template-free.methods for deriving enhancements in electrocatalytic activity and durability..It also provides a comparison on the synthetic methods and catalytic.performance and points out issues in the ORR measurements and activity.comparison. In addition, understanding of the proposed active sites and corresponding.mechanisms for ORR are covered. The recent advances shed light.on contributions of morphology, hierarchical pore structures, density and dispersion.of active sites, and synergistic effects of multiple active sites, which.endow Fe3C@N-C electrocatalysts with enhanced ORR performance. These.interesting effects are attained as a result of increased exposure and accessibility.of the active sites to O2 molecules, faster charge and mass transfer, and.finally, protection of active sites by carbon shells. Finally, the challenges and.perspectives to further improve performance of Fe3C@N-C are discussed.
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